Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of hospitalized cases with sarcoidosis compared to age- and sex-matched controls without diagnosis of sarcoidosis (nested case-control design).
Fig 1.
Age, gender and seasonal distribution of hospitalized cases with sarcoidosis.
Fig 2.
Hospitalization rate and in-hospital mortality among sarcoidosis patients over time.
The upper panel shows the hospitalization rate of sarcoidosis patients between 2002 and 2012 (per 100,000 hospitalizations) displayed for 4 age categories. The lower panel depicts the in-hospital mortality of sarcoidosis patients between 2002 and 2012 subdivided into 4 age categories. The black dashed line in the upper and lower panels represents the overall evolution of the hospitalization rate and in-hospital mortality rate over time, respectively.
Table 2.
Prevalence (in percentage) of the most significantly over-/under-represented comorbidities in patients with sarcoidosis (Prev. sarcoidosis) compared to age- and sex-matched patients without diagnosis (Prev. control).
Fig 3.
Principal component analysis (PCA) biplot of comorbidities associated with sarcoidosis.
Hospitalization cases (PCA scores) are represented using smoothed blue colored density, comorbidities are illustrated by framed labels (PCA loadings). Comorbidities lying in the same direction are correlating with each other, the further away from the center of the plot, the stronger is the influence of comorbidities. The number displayed on the upper left corner indicates the size of the grid. The upper right box represents external variables including age, gender, length-of-stay [LOS], in-hospital mortality [Death], hospitalization rate, and number of comorbidities fitted to the PCA and displayed using vector representation (arrows). The longer the arrow, the stronger the association to the corresponding comorbidities.
Fig 4.
Kaplan-Meier curves of the variables age (A), sex (B) and number of comorbidities (C) influencing the time to first re-hospitalization.
For this representation, the explanatory variables age and number of comorbidities were categorized using the quartiles of their distribution. Log-rank test p-values are reported in the upper left corner of each panel.
Fig 5.
Comorbidities risk factor analysis.
The hazard ratios (and 95% confidence intervals) of the time to first re-hospitalization associated with each comorbidity are displayed. Comorbidities that were significantly associated with the time to first re-hospitalization (p < 0.05) are depicted in red.