Table 1.
Overall comparison of patients with or without seminal round cells.
Fig 1.
Proportion of men presenting with bacterial growth (saprophytic and pathogenic) according to presence or absence of RCs.
Table 2.
Comparison of a specimen's sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) void of round cells versus those with round cells.
Table 3.
Comparing the presence and quantity of round cells with ICSI outcome (2012–2014).
Fig 2.
Correlation between the occurrences of aneuploid spermatozoa in relation to RC concentration in the ejaculate.
Fig 3.
The first row are fresh specimens (a,d), the second row is Testsimplet® (b,e), and the third is LeucoScreen™ (c,f).
The left panel evidence seminal RCs assessed at 200X under phase contrast at initial semen evaluation in a counting chamber (a), following a standard morphology stain (b) and following peroxidase assay (c). In the right panel under 1000X, a fresh multinucleated RC (arrow) is visible with an adjacent spermatozoon (arrowhead) (d), stained RC (arrow) and another multinucleated RC (arrowhead) (e), and at the top is a peroxidase reactive cell (leukocyte) (arrow), and a peroxidase negative RC (arrowhead) (f).
Fig 4.
Transmission electron microscopy of multinucleated seminal round cells.
Two large nuclei, round (a) and elongated (b), enclosed in poorly delineated cytoplasm sloughed off the Sertoli Cell. The vacuolar structures, particularly clear in figure (a) are verisimilar lysosomes and residual bodies (a,b).
Fig 5.
Staining of seminal RCs providing for each stain nuclear labeling (DAPI) (a, b), with markers specific for Sertoli-cell cytoplasm (vimentin, c), solely for Sertoli cell intracytoplasmic components (inhibin B, d), and merged images (e, f).
Fig 6.
Cytogenetics of seminal multinucleated RCs carried by multicolor FISH assessing four chromosomes (X, Y, 15, 17) and confirming the haploid content of each individual nucleus.
The white arrow indicates a spermatozoon.
Fig 7.
In graph (a) all men who had several semen evaluations and with one occasion of seminal RCs (orange arrow). In graph (b), we show only men who presented at first analysis with RCs (orange arrow) in their ejaculate while in graph (c), the remainder of cases present with RCs in their intermediate (orange arrow) evaluation. In all of them there is an increase in spermatozoal production following the RC episode.
Fig 8.
This graph (a) indicates the monthly allocation of specimens with RCs throughout the calendar year. The bimodal distribution almost exactly overlaps the Positive Influenza Laboratory Results Reported to New York State Department of Health (b).