Fig 1.
Animal characteristics 6 weeks after aortic banding (AB) or sham procedure.
(A) In vivo left ventricular (LV) mass. (B) Posterior wall thickness in diastole. (C) End-diastolic volume. (D) Ejection fraction. (E) Left atrium diameter. (F) Ex vivo lung weight. (G) Representative cardiovascular magnetic resonance images of concentric hypertrophy in a sham (left) and aortic banding (right) rat. Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation. * indicate p<0.05, ** indicate p<0.01, *** indicate p<0.001 compared to sham.
Table 1.
Animal characteristics at 6 weeks after aortic banding (AB) or sham procedure.
Fig 2.
Detection of mitral flow using phase-contrast cardiovascular magnetic resonance (PC-CMR) and echocardiography.
(A) PC-CMR mitral flow velocity data overlaid on the magnitude image of the mitral flow in a sham and aortic banding rat. (B) Temporal PC-CMR flow profile during the cardiac cycle in the same animals. (C) Corresponding echocardiographic (echo) Doppler profile of mitral filling.
Fig 3.
Peak mitral flow and deceleration rate in aortic banding (AB) and sham rats.
(A) Peak mitral flow velocity in AB and sham operated rats, using both echocardiography (echo) and phase-contrast cardiovascular magnetic resonance (PC-CMR). (B) Bland-Altman plot describing the difference between echo and PC-CMR in measuring peak mitral flow. (C) Mitral flow deceleration rate in AB and sham rats using echo and PC-CMR. (D) Bland-Altman plot describing the difference between echo and PC-CMR in measuring mitral flow deceleration rate. Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation. * indicate p<0.05, ** indicate p<0.01, *** indicate p<0.001 compared to sham within the corresponding method.
Fig 4.
Flow distribution and direction of flow.
(A) Three-directional velocity data in the mitral valve, decomposed into the through-plane and in-plane component. (B) Mitral inflow angle (solid, blue line) overlaid with the peak mitral flow profile (dashed, green) during the duration of diastole in a sham and banded animal. (C) The principal angle of flow between the three-directional velocity vector and the through-plane component in sham and the aortic banding (AB) rats. (D) Mosaic plot of the in-plane direction of flow in sham and AB rats describing inferoseptal and/or inferior direction of flow in 12 out of 14 animals. The number in each box indicates the number of animals that display this particular direction of mitral flow. Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation.
Fig 5.
Accuracy of phase-contrast cardiovascular magnetic resonance (PC-CMR) based measurements by evaluation of stroke volume (SV).
(A) Scatter plot of stroke volume from PC-CMR and stroke volume evaluated from volumetric (cine) CMR in sham and aortic banding (AB) rats. (B) Bland-Altman plot describing the difference in stroke volume measurements from PC-CMR and cine CMR. (C) Comparison between sham and AB of stroke volume assessed by PC-CMR or cine CMR. Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation.
Fig 6.
Interobserver variability of PC-CMR mitral flow detection.
(A) Scatterplot and Bland-Altman comparison of peak flow velocity measurements from two independent observers in sham and aortic banding (AB) rats. (B) Corresponding interobserver analysis of deceleration rate. (C) Corresponding interobserver analysis of PC-CMR derived stroke volume.