Table 1.
Sample characteristics for Maya children ages 2.5–5.0, showing mean, standard deviation and range in parentheses.
Age, height and weight are averaged across the 5-year sample. Family size, number of older siblings and number of younger siblings are averaged from each child’s last measurement.
Fig 1.
Growth performance stratified by family size (FS) for Maya children ages 2.5–5.0.
Lines plot predicted (A) height (cm) and (B) weight (kg) by age for boys and girls in a family with 1, 5 and 9 children (drawn from S1 Table Models 1a-b).
Table 2.
Percent and absolute change in height (cm) and weight (kg) with each addition in family composition.
Values taken from best-fit model results in S2a and S2b Table. Boys and girls are reported separately for younger siblings and height because the interaction with gender is significant in this case (S1 Table).
Fig 2.
Growth performance stratified by the number of younger siblings (YS) for Maya children ages 2.5–5.0.
Lines plot predicted height (cm) in (A) boys and (B) girls and predicted weight (kg) for (C) girls and boyswith 0, 1, 2, and 3 younger siblings (drawn from S1 Table Models 2a-d).
Fig 3.
Growth performance stratified by the number of older siblings (OS) for Maya children ages 2.5–5.0.
Lines plot (A) predicted height (cm) for boys and girls, and predicted weight (kg) for (B) boys and girls with 0, 4 and 8 older siblings (drawn from S1 Table Models 3a-c).
Table 3.
Summary of biological significance based on two criteria: 1) Maya population-specific Z-scores < -2; 2) change in Maya population-specific Z-score >2.
Relative scores are drawn from S2a and S2b Table, using the computed delta Z-score for height and weight at family sizes of 1 vs. 9, younger sibling numbers of 0 vs. 3, and older sibling numbers of 1 vs. 8.