Fig 1.
Map of sampling localities of N. kaiseri in the south-western Zagros Range, Iran for genetic analyses.
Site IDs correspond to IDs in Table 1. Note that northern region populations are denoted with open circles and that southern region populations are denoted with closed circles. Numbers designate haplotypes found within each population. The polygons illustrate administrative boundaries.
Table 1.
Variable nucleotide positions and molecular diversity within the partial sequences (779 bp) of the D-loop region for 7 haplotypes of 111 N. kaiseri sampled from southern Zagros Range, Iran.
New haplotypes (H1 to H7) are reported here.
Table 2.
Hierarchical analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) among mtDNA D-loop region sequences of N. kaiseri in different geographical groupings.
Percentage of variation is provided for three hierarchical levels.
Fig 2.
A majority-rule consensus tree of haplotypes of D-loop sequences for N. kaiseri samples plus outgroups, constructed by Bayesian inference (BI).
Maximum likelihood topologies were identical. Numbers at the nodes refer to the bootstrap values in the Bayesian inference (above line) and Maximum likelihood (below line) analysis. The haplotype names refer to the sampling locations depicted in Fig 1.
Table 3.
K2P genetic distances values among 10 populations of Neurergus kaiseri.
Fig 3.
Statistical parsimony network of seven N. kaiseri haplotypes, obtained from 111 individuals.
Red circles represent sampled haplotypes from the northern region and blue circles represent sampled haplotypes from the southern region. The letters codes of the populations are indicated in italic. The size of each circle is proportional to the relative frequency of that haplotype among all samples. Small circles indicate inferred haplotypes that are extinct or were not detected in analyses.
Fig 4.
Plot of PCA based on 13 environmental variables describing 12 Neurergus kaiseri localities.
The populations in the northern (dark circles) and southern (dark squares) regions were separated along the PC1 and PC2. The first two axes explain 86.66% and 5.31% of variation among regions. See Table 2 for environmental variable codes.
Table 4.
Pearson correlation coefficients between 13 environmental variables and principal component axes.
Fig 5.
Plot of simple Mantel test showing the relationships between (A) geographic and genetic distances and (B) environmental and genetic distances among 10 populations of Neurergus kaiseri.
Fig 6.
Different environmental variables in the distribution range of Neurergus kaiseri.
A: Bio 1 (annual mean temperature), B: Bio 2 (precipitation of seasonality (coefficient of variation), C: Bio 16 (Precipitation of Wettest Quarter), D: Bio 19 (Precipitation of Coldest Quarter). Populations in the northern region represented by open circles and in the southern region represented by red circles.