Fig 1.
Workflow of marker development and genetic map construction in the V. riparia × ‘Seyval’ F2 family.
The left panel shows the five main steps with filtering parameters, and the right panel shows the numbers of markers resulting from each step.
Fig 2.
Linkage map of F2 mapping family derived from V. riparia × ‘Seyval’.
The linkage map consists of 1,449 markers with a total map size of 2423.9 cM. The 19 chromosomes are labeled at the top of each linkage group. Genetic positions (cM) and physical locations (‘PN40024’ reference version 12X.v2) are listed to the left and right of each chromosome, respectively.
Table 1.
Comparison between the previously published SSR-based map and the GBS-based map.
Fig 3.
Berry color segregation used for genetic map validation.
(A) QTL for berry skin color is confirmed on Chr02 of the genetic map. Permutation tests were carried out to identify the 95% confidence threshold, and the significance threshold for the LOD score is presented as a horizontal red dashed line. (B) The additive effect (a, blue line) and dominant deviation (d, red line) are estimated across the whole genome.
Table 2.
Summary of QTL analyses in V. riparia × ‘Seyval’ F2 family.
Fig 4.
QTL mapping for quantitative enological traits.
(A) QTL mapping of yeast assimilable nitrogen (YAN, mg/L). (B) QTL mapping of malic acid concentration (MA, g/L). (C) The joint QTL mapping of MA (g/L) and total soluble solids content (SS, %w/w). Permutation tests were carried out to identify the 95% confidence threshold, and the significance thresholds of LOD score is presented as a horizontal red line in A-C. (D) The interaction between MA (g/L) and SS (%w/w) QTLs and trait additive effects. Red bars represent additive effects of MA and yellow bars represent additive effects of SS. A positive value means the higher value of the trait is due to an allele from grandparent 2, ‘Seyval’. A negative value means the higher value of the trait is due to an allele from grandparent 1, V. riparia.