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Fig 1.

Trend of syphilis incidence in China from 2005–2012 by year

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Table 1.

Syphilis incidence seasonal indices.

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Fig 2.

Seasonal indices of each type of syphilis

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Table 2.

Linear regression model for each syphilis time series removed seasonality.

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Table 3.

Available ARIMA models fitted for each syphilis series.

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Table 3 Expand

Fig 3.

Cross correlation analysis between primary syphilis and other syphilis time series (highest values appear when the lag is 0)

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Fig 3 Expand

Fig 4.

Cross correlation analysis between secondary syphilis and other syphilis time series (highest values appear when the lag is 0 except between secondary and congenital syphilis).

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Table 4.

The highest cross-correlation between syphilis incidence time series (the values in the brackets are the lags, the lags are 0 except between secondary and congenital syphilis).

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Table 5.

Estimation of available ARIMAX models for each series.

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Fig 5.

Primary syphilis incidence fitting and testing performance by ARIMA and ARIMAX (U95 and L95 refer to the upper and lower 95% confidential interval respectively.

The vertical gray line separates modelling from estimates.)

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Fig 6.

Secondary syphilis incidence fitting and testing performance by ARIMA and ARIMAX (U95 and L95refers to the upper and lower 95% confidential interval respectively.

The data were divided into modeling and forecasting groups with a vertical line; the left is the modeling part, and the right is the forecasting part.)

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Fig 7.

Tertiary syphilis incidence fitting and testing performance by ARIMA and ARIMAX (U95 and L95refers to the upper and lower 95% confidential interval respectively.

The data were divided into modeling and forecasting groups with a vertical line; the left is the modeling part, and the right is the forecasting part.)

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Fig 7 Expand

Fig 8.

Latent syphilis incidence fitting and testing performance by ARIMA and ARIMAX (U95 and L95refers to the upper and lower 95% confidential interval respectively.

The data were divided into modeling and forecasting groups with a vertical line; the left is the modeling part, and the right is the forecasting part.)

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Fig 8 Expand

Fig 9.

Congenital syphilis incidence fitting and testing performance by ARIMA and ARIMAX (U95 and L95refers to the upper and lower 95% confidential interval respectively.

The data were divided into modeling and forecasting groups with a vertical line; the left is the modeling part, and the right is the forecasting part.)

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Fig 9 Expand

Table 6.

Comparison of the performances of the ARIMA model and ARIMAX model.

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Table 6 Expand