Table 1.
Clinical and EEG-fMRI information: Summary of each case’s clinical and radiological information.
The presumed epileptogenic region is established during the presurgical evaluation process for each patient after evaluation of a panel of tests. N IED types is the number of different IED identified in each subject and IED/ session shows the mean number of IED in each session. EEG interictal epileptiform discharges (IED) column shows the field of the epileptiform activity captured during EEG-fMRI scan. EEG-fMRI map shows the classification of the maps: concordant or discordant. Ep. Region: epileptogenic F: Female; M: male: L left; R: right; FCD: focal cortical dysplasia. N/A: non applicable. T-P-O: Temporo-parieto-occipital C: Concordant EEG-fMRI map with epileptogenic region, D: Discordant EEG-fMRI map with epileptogenic region.
Fig 1.
Clinical assessment of the EEG-fMRI maps.
EEG-fMRI maps are compared with the location of the presumed epileptogenic region (green area). Epileptogenic region is assessed clinically based on multimodal tests. Maps are classified as Concordant if a cluster of significant activation is present in the epileptogenic region and Discordant otherwise.
Fig 2.
Movement as a function of time.
There is an increase of movement of approximately 40% in the second and third session and of 100% in the fourth session relative to the first. The bars represent the mean in-scanner movement for each session across patients and controls irrespective of the effect of video and age. The standard error is represented by T bars. Amount of movement for sessions 2–3 and 4 were significantly greater compared to session 1 (p< 0.05). Significant differences marked with asterisk.
Fig 3.
Rate of interictal epileptiform discharges (IED).
Bar represent mean number of IED per minute during the resting state sessions and during the two conditions of the video session (video clip and “please wait” screen). There is no significant difference between the rates of IED in these three conditions.
Fig 4.
Example of IED related EEG-fMRI maps.
Patient with epilepsy #30. Clinical information: 11 years old male; presumed epileptogenic region located in the right posterior quadrant (circled in red). No structural lesion. Interictal and ictal epileptic activity arising from right posterior quadrant. Seizure semiology lateralizes to the right with involvement of the temporal lobe. EEG-fMRI showed significant BOLD signal changes in the posterior hippocampus, para hippocampal gyrus and fusiform gyrus. Section A shows an example of the activity in the presumed epileptogenic region during video and rest sessions. Section B shows an example of the activity in the presumed epileptogenic region during 2 sessions versus 4 sessions.