Table 1.
Primer sequences used for real time PCR.
Fig 1.
Rats show depressive-like symptoms at the end of the experiment.
(A) Body weight. (B) Percentage of sucrose solution from the total liquid in sucrose preference test. The results of the percentage were 59.05±3.97 in group M and 76.73±3.60 in group N. (C) The rate of gastric residual. The results were 55.18±0.52 in M and 41.68±1.97 in N.
Fig 2.
The result of open-field test.
(A) Crossed-grids times. At the end of the experiment, the average crossed-grids times were 10.33±1.27 in M and 49.70±1.12 in N. (B) Standing times. At the end of the experiment, the average standing times were 5.00±1.17 in M and 18.60±0.82 in N. (C) Grooming times. At the end of the experiment, the average grooming times were 2.00±0.37 in M and 7.70±0.56 in N.
Fig 3.
Western blotting and real-time PCR analyses of SCF and c-kit in the stomachs of rats.
(A) The average ratio of c-kit/β-actin was 0.959±0.056 in N and 0.571±0.116 in M. (B) The average ratio of SCF/β-actin was 0.871±0.078 in N and 0.251±0.030 in M. The differences between M and N were significant (compared with normal, *P<0.05, Independent-Samples T-test, A and **P<0.01, Independent-Samples T-test, B). (C-D) The result of c-kit is 1.000±0.000 in N and 0.380±0.053 in M. The result of SCF is 1.000±0.000 in N and 0.308±0.069 in M. The differences between N and M were significant (**P<0.01, Independent-Samples T-test).
Fig 4.
Western blotting and real-time PCR analyses of NPR-A, B and C in the stomachs of rats.
(A-C) The ratio of NPR-A/β-actin was 0.427±0.013 in N and 0.927±0.038 in M. The ratio of NPR-B/β-actin was 0.172±0.012 in N and 0.400±0.048 in M. The ratio of NPR-C/β-actin was 1.261±0.151 in N and 3.287±0.474 in M. The differences between M and N were significant (compared with normal, **P<0.01, Independent-Samples T-test, A-B; *P<0.05, Independent-Samples T-test, C). (D-F) The result of NPR-A is 1.000±0.000 in N and 2.019±0.005 in M. The result of NPR-B is 1.000±0.000 in N and 2.969±0.012 in M. The result of NPR-C is 1.000±0.000 in N and 1.936±0.012 in M. The differences between N and M were significant (**P<0.01, Independent-Samples T-test).
Fig 5.
Western blotting analyses of SCF expression in cultured GSMCs with different pretreatment conditions.
(A) The ratio of SCF/β-actin was 0.460±0.051 in N, 0.448±0.038 in cANF(10−6 mol/L) group, 0.276±0.047 in 8-Br-cGMP (10−6 mol/L) group and 0.253±0.055 CNP (10−6 mol/L) group. The expression levels were significantly different in the 8-Br-cGMP (10−6 mol/L) group and CNP (10−6 mol/L) group (*P<0.05, one-way ANOVA), but not in the cANF(10−6 mol/L) group (P>0.05, one-way ANOVA) compared with N. (B) The ratio of SCF/β-actin was 0.429±0.022 in N, 0.362±0.037 in CNP (10−8 mol/L) group, 0.282±0.020 in CNP (10−7 mol/L) group, and 0.217±0.019 CNP (10−6 mol/L) group. These results showed that high concentrations of CNP (10−7 mol/L and 10−6 mol/L) could significantly decrease the expression of SCF (**P<0.01, one-way ANOVA).
Fig 6.
Effects of cANF on A value of MTT of rat GSMCs.
cANF The average value was 0.599±0.016 in control group, 0.597±0.033 in 10−8 mol/L group, 0.459±0.024 in 10−7 mol/L group and 0.356±0.025 in 10−6 mol/L group.