Table 1.
Genetic divergences in accordance with different taxonomic levels within Denticollinae.
Table 2.
The seven congeneric morphospecies pairs with low interspecific distances.
Fig 1.
Maximum intraspecific distances by Kimura-2-parameter (K2P) for 46 morphospecies.
Fig 2.
Number of MOTUs in accordance with different threshold values.
Table 3.
The 11 morphospecies representing typically variable intraspecific distances.
Fig 3.
The number of MOTUs by the prior intraspecific divergence using ABGD with two values of relative gap width (X = 1.0 in A, 1.5 in B).
Table 4.
MOTU recognition per morphospecies using the ABGD method.
Table 5.
MOTU recognition per morphospecies in the Poisson Tree Processes model.
Fig 4.
Neighbor-joining tree for the 420 individuals of the 84 morphospecies in this study based on COI barcode sequences.
Clade colors represent three different tribes: the green clades denote Hypnoidini, the red clades represent Ctenicerini, and the blue clades show Denticollini. The red text indicates the unexpectedly highly divergent taxa in a single species. The blue highlight denotes unexpectedly low divergence between a species pair, the green highlight represents the taxa successfully identified by DNA barcode, and the yellow highlight indicates ambiguously defined subspecies.
Fig 5.
Neighbor-joining cladogram inferred from COI partial gene sequences of Selatosomus spp.
Fig 6.
Neighbor-joining cladogram inferred from COI partial gene sequences of Hemicrepidius spp. and their habitus and aedeagus.
A: H. coreanus; B. H. sp. 1 (no. 3310, a candidate new species); C: H. oblongus from Far East Russia (no. 2397, a candidate new pseudocryptic species); D: H. oblongus, Korea and Far East Russia; E. H. sp. 2, GW (a candidate new species); F: H. hallaensis, JJ.
Fig 7.
Neighbor-joining cladogram inferred from COI partial gene sequences of Prosternon aurichalceum.
Fig 8.
Neighbor-joining cladogram inferred from COI partial gene sequences of Athous spp.
Fig 9.
Neighbor-joining cladogram inferred from COI partial gene sequences of Stenagostus umbratilis.
Fig 10.
Neighbor-joining cladogram inferred from COI partial gene sequences of Actenicerus spp.
Fig 11.
Two subspecies of Denticollis nigricollis.
A and B: D. n. nigricollis; C and D: D. n. subsp. 1 (a candidate new subspecies identified by morphological examination). A and C: Dorsal view of adult; B and D: Aedeagus.
Fig 12.
Neighbor-joining cladogram inferred from COI partial gene sequences of Denticollis nigricollis.
Fig 13.
Neighbor-joining cladogram inferred from COI partial gene sequences of Ctenicerini gen. and sp. 1 and sp. 2.
Fig 14.
Schematic definition for a suitable threshold value (3.6%) for genetic distances and zone requiring integrative taxonomy (2.5–3.5%) suggested for the Denticollid taxa.