Table 1.
Collecting sites for D. wilsonii and D. mollis.
Fig 1.
Individuals of the two plant species surveyed during the work: Dimorphandra wilsonii–critically endangered species—in a disturbed situation (exotic grass pasture) (A) and Dimorphandra mollis–common undangered species—in a protected fragment of Brazilian Cerrado (B).
Table 2.
GenBank acession numbers of LSU rDNA sequences derived from strains used in the phylogenetic analysis.
Fig 2.
Hypothesis about the phylogenetic placement of selected fungi among those collected on Dimorphandra wilsonii and Dimorphandra mollis and their connection with related fungi derived from Bayesian analysis of partial nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA gene sequences.
Bayesian posterior probabilities are indicated at the nodes. The tree was rooted with Dothidea sambuci AFTOL-ID274. Isolates with newly obtained sequences for this study are given in bold.
Fig 3.
Byssogene wilsoniae on Dimorphandra wilsonii.
(A) Discoid, non ostiolate ascoma surrounded by a net-forming external mycelium. (B) Bitunicate, 8-spored asci with cylindrical to ellipsoid, dictyoseptate, subhyaline ascospores—arrowed. (C) Cross section of ascoma showing asci. Bars: 50 μm (A); 10 μm (B); 20 μm (C).
Fig 4.
Geastrumia polystigmatis on Dimorphandra wilsonii.
(A) Conidioma opening by irregular rupture of wall, releasing groups of conidia. (B) Cross section of conidioma showing conidiogenous cells developing from the hyphae into the upper wall—arrowed. (C) Cheiroid conidia with fasciculate group of filiform arms attached to a common, branched basal stalk cell. Bars: 20 μm (A); 10 μm (B, C).
Fig 5.
Janetia dimorphandra-mollis on Dimorphandra mollis.
(A) Dense coloniy on upper portion of trichome. (B) Cylindrical distoseptate conidia attached to conidiogeous cells. (C) SEM of colony showing external mycelium with humped micronematous conidiogenous cells and conidia. (D) External hyphae with row of conidiogenous cells bearing conidia and some loose conidia. Bars: 10 μm (A, C, D); 5 μm (B).
Fig 6.
Janetia wilsoniae on Dimorphandra wilsonii.
(A) Colonies on apex of trichome. (B) Monoblastic conidiogenous cells. (C) Euseptate, reddish brown conidia. (D) Conidiogenous cells and conidia. Bars: 10 μm (A); 5 μm (B,C).
Table 3.
Conidial size and septation of Janetia species recorded on members of the Fabaceae.
Fig 7.
Microcalliopsis dipterygis on Dimorphandra wilsonii.
(A) Upper view of pseudothecial ascoma bearing needle-shaped setae c. (B) Squashed ascoma releasing asci and ascospores. (C) Cross section of pseudothecium showing parallel asci. (D) Bitunicate asci with 1-septate hyaline ascospores. Bars: 20 μm (A, B, C); 10 μm (D).
Fig 8.
SEM of Microcalliopsis dipterygis on Dimorphandra wilsonii.
(A) Ascomata attached to leaf surface. Note sputnik-like shape of pseudothecia (B) Detail of inconspicuous ostiole, protuberances on external wall and setae on individual ascoma. Bars: 50 μm (A); 20 μm (B).
Fig 9.
Phillipsiella atra on Dimorphandra wilsonii.
(A) Apothecioid ascomata attached to the abaxial side of a leaf. (B) Squash mount of discoid ascoma. (C) Cross section of fertile ascoma showing parallel asci. (D) Bitunicate asci containing eight, 1-septate, hyaline ascospores. Bars: 50 μm (B); 10 μm (C, D).
Fig 10.
Piricauda paraguayensis on Dimorphandra wilsonii.
(A) Colony with immature conidia (notice the absence of beaks) on trichomes. (B) Dictyosepatate conidium developing beak. (C) Mature conidia with fully developed beak. (D) Close-up of mature conidium showing irregular rugose (with seemingly reticulate patter) surface. Bars: 20 μm (A, C); 10 μm (B, D).
Fig 11.
SEM of Piricauda paraguayensis on Dimorphandra spp.
(A) Colonies on trichome. (B) Ibid closer view with conidiogenous cell and conidia at early stages of development. (C) Close-up of immature conidium on conidiogenous cell. (D) Mature conidia on leaf surface (note smooth beaks and irregularly rugose bodies). Bars: 10 μm (A, D); 5 μm (B); 2 μm (C).
Fig 12.
Pseudocercospora dimorphandae on Dimorphandra spp.
(A) Cross section of substomatal cavity from which conidiophores emerge. (B) Conidiophores both organized in a sporodochium and multiseptate conidia. Bars: 20 μm (A); 10 μm (B).
Fig 13.
Pseudocercosporella dimorphandae on Dimorphandra spp.
(A) Squashed mount showing group of unbranched conidiophores (arrowed) and conidia. (B) Close-up of curved conidia. Bars: 20 μm.
Table 4.
Conidia and conidiophore size of Pseudocercercosporella species recorded on members of the Fabaceae.
Fig 14.
Ramichloridiopsis wilsoniae on Dimorphandra wilsonii.
(A) Dense colony on trichome. (B) Conidiogenous cell bearing slightly darkened scars. (C) Close-up of semidenticulate conidiogenous cell. (D) Fusiform to cylindrical, septate mature conidia. (E) Different plane of focus showing verruculose longitudinal rows on conidiua. (E) Catenate conidia. Bars: 20 μm (A, B, C, D); 10 μm (E).
Fig 15.
SEM of Ramichloridiopsis wilsoniae on Dimorphandra wilsonii (A) Colony on trichome (B) Terminal polyblastic, conidiogenous cells.
Bars: 10 μm (A); 5 μm (B).
Fig 16.
Stomiopeltis suttoniae on Dimorphandra wilsonii.
(A) Upper view of shield-like ascoma. (B) Cross section of an ascoma. (C) Bitunicate asci with 1-septate hyaline ascospores. Bars: 50 μm (A); 20 μm (B); 10 μm (D).
Fig 17.
Trichomatomyces byrsonimae on Dimorphandra spp.
(A) Dense, dark brown to black colony spirally arranged on trichome apex. (B) Polyblastic, condiogenous cell. (C) Conidia constricted at the septa at one side. (D) SEM of conidia. Note one side smooth and one side roughened. Bars: 20 μm (A); 10 μm (B, C); 5 μm (D).
Fig 18.
Vesiculohyphomyces cerradensis on Dimorphandra wilsonii.
(A) Macronematous, cylindrical, solitary conidiophore. (B) Whorls of polyblastic, vesicle-shaped, conidiogenous cells at apex of conidiophore. (C) Fertile conidiophores bearing numerous fusiform, conidia. (D) Ibid at different plane of focus showing wall sculpturing. Bars: 20 μm (A); 10 μm (B, C, D).
Fig 19.
SEM of Vesiculohyphomyces cerradensis on Dimorphandra wilsonii.
(A) Macronematous conidiophore. (B) Close-up of conidiogenous cells at upper, fertile part of conidiophore. (C) Close-up of faintly striate conidia. Bars: 10 μm (A); 5 μm (B, C).