Table 1.
Fig 1.
Examples of localization of dog (A-C) and human (D-F) painting probes with GTG-banding of the same metaphase to the right.
(A) CFA1/26 on EJUB chromosomes; (B) CFA 21+23/18 on OROS chromosomes; (C) CFA16/21+28 on PSIB chromosomes; (D) HSA 19/3 on OROS chromosomes; (E) HSA12/16 on PSIB chromosomes; (F) HSA7/1 on OROS chromosomes.
Fig 2.
GTG-banded karyotype of walrus (Odobenus rosmarus, 2n = 32) with the assignment of homology to human (HSA), dog (CFA) and stone marten (MFO) chromosomes.
The square denotes the centromere position on corresponding chromosome. *—segments were not painted by any dog probe.
Fig 3.
GTG-banded karyotype of the Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus, 2n = 36) with the assignment of homology to human (HSA), dog (CFA) and stone marten (MFO) chromosomes.
The square denotes the centromere position on corresponding chromosome. *—segments were not painted by any dog probe.
Fig 4.
GTG-banded karyotype of the Baikal seal (Pusa sibirica, 2n = 32) with the assignment of homology to human (HSA), dog (CFA) and stone marten (MFO) chromosomes.
The square denotes the centromere position on corresponding chromosome. *—segments were not painted by any dog probe.
Table 2.
Correspondence of pinniped (the Steller sea lion, the walrus, the Baikal seal and the common seal1) chromosomes with dog, human, ancestral carnivore karyotype (ACK2), stone marten3 and cat3 chromosomes.
Fig 5.
Karyotype evolution pathways in Pinnipedia.
Fig 6.
Ancestral carnivore karyotype (ACK).
Numbers on the left are HSA and CFA chromosomes. Numbers on the right of each ancestral chromosome are ACK chromosomes according to nomenclature of Murphy et al [26] followed by cat (FCA) homology [13]. MFO chromosome numbers are indicated right below the ancestral chromosome. Big numerals below correspond to Nash et al. [47] ACK nomenclature. The proposed ancestral order of syntenic segments corresponding to dog chromosomes is based on parsimony analyses of chromosome painting data of canid painting probes in Carnivora and two outgroup species: pig and human, [18,19,53]. We exchanged ACK11 and ACK12 relative to ACK published in [11] to match chromosome order [47] and to be arranged according to the chromosome size in cat and stone marten karyotypes.