Table 1.
Samples collected in this study.
Table 2.
Species identified in port landings sample and fin products sample.
Table 3.
Species identified in customs-detained samples.
Fig 1.
Maximum likelihood tree for all 660 sequences obtained in this study.
Each species formed a distinct group in the tree, indicating the robustness of the DNA barcoding method on shark species identification. The tree was constructed with 1,000 bootstrap replications and only bootstrap values higher than 70% are shown on the branch.
Fig 2.
Maximum likelihood tree for the pelagic thresher shark, Alopias pelagicus.
The tree was constructed with a 403 bp cox1 gene fragment and ran for 1,000 bootstrap replications. DNA sequences of the sharks from the Indo-West Pacific Ocean can be distinguished from those of the East Pacific Ocean. The sequences from the database were expressed as accession numbers and our specimens as label abbreviations (PL, FP, and CD for port landings, fin products, and customs-detained samples, respectively). Different sequences with the same haplotype were placed in a single taxon (with dashes to connect consecutive sequences and commas to separate disjunctive ones). Only bootstrap values higher than 70% are shown on the branch.
Fig 3.
Maximum likelihood tree for the common thresher shark, Alopias vulpinus.
The tree was constructed with a 651 bp cox1 gene fragment and ran for 1,000 bootstrap replicateion. DNA sequences of the sharks from the Indian Ocean and those from other regions form two distinct groups. Only bootstrap values higher than 70% are shown on the branch.
Fig 4.
Maximum likelihood tree for the smooth hammerhead shark, Sphyrna zygaena.
The tree was constructed with a 403 bp cox1 gene fragment and ran for 1,000 bootstrap replications. DNA sequences of the sharks from the Atlantic Ocean can be distinguished from those of other regions. Only bootstrap values higher than 70% are shown on the branch.
Fig 5.
Maximum likelihood tree for the scalloped hammerhead shark, Sphyrna lewini.
The tree was constructed with a 652 bp cox1 gene fragment and ran for 1,000 bootstrap replications. DNA sequences of the sharks can distinguish those from the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans except for two sequences from Florida, (FJ519393 and FJ519394), which form a distinct group sister to all other sequences of S. lewini. Only bootstrap values higher than 70% are shown on the branch.