Fig 1.
Flow diagram describing participant contactability, recruitment and exclusion from Phase 1 to Phase 3.
Table 1.
Proportion of myopes and incidence of myopia between Phase 1 and 3.
Table 2.
Proportion of hyperopes and decline of hyperopia between Phase 1 and 3.
Fig 2.
Scatterplots of SER at Phase 1 versus SER at Phase 3 for the younger and older cohorts respectively.
Data are grouped into refractive classifications as illustrated in the key. The gray boxes indicate participants who became myopic (younger cohort n = 27; older cohort n = 8) or lost their hyperopia (younger cohort n = 20; older cohort n = 4) between Phase 1 and 3. The dashed lines represent the myopia cut-off point of -0.50D or less and the dotted line represents the hyperopia cut-off of +2.00D or greater. The solid black line represents unity- those falling below the line are showing a myopic change in SER.
Fig 3.
Comparison of refractive error prevalence in the UK (NICER Study) to Australia (SMS/SAVES) at baseline and 5–6 year follow-up.
The brackets show the statistical comparisons of the proportions of myopes between the two studies; black indicates statistically significant difference, gray indicates no statistically significant difference (Two sample test of proportion).
Fig 4.
Comparison of UK refractive error distribution between 1950’s-1960’s (Sorsby study) and 2006–2014 (NICER study) at baseline and follow-up.
The brackets indicate the statistical comparisons of the proportions of myopes between the two studies; black indicates statistically significant difference, gray indicates no statistically significant difference (Two sample test of proportion).
Fig 5.
Distribution of spherical equivalent refractive errors in 6–7 year old children within the NICER study Phase 1 (2006–2008) and 6–7 year old children from Sorsby et al.[14].
Data points represent a one dioptre interval (for example, the % of participants represented at point 0 on the x-axis have an SER of less than or equal to 0DS but greater than -1 DS. Data points at the extremes of the x-axis represent participants with SER of greater than or equal to +5DS or less than or equal to -5DS.
Table 3.
Comparison of the incidence and progression of myopia between the NICER and Sydney studies for the younger and older cohorts.