Table 1.
First line testing for all patients with encephalitis recruited through the prospective HPA Study of the Aetiology of Encephalitis in England*.
Table 2.
Additional pathogens investigated in patients in whom panel 1 testing was negative as determined by the expert review panel for the HPA Study of the Aetiology of Encephalitis in England.
Fig 1.
Concentrations of mediators in the CSF and serum of patients with encephalitis of immune-mediated, infectious and unknown aetiologies.
Table 3.
Median concentrations of identified mediators between the aetiological groups of encephalitis in serum.
Table 4.
Median concentrations of identified mediators between the aetiological groups of encephalitis in cerebrospinal fluid.
Fig 2.
Serum concentrations of mediators in patients with encephalitis of immune-mediated, infectious and unknown aetiology.
Bars represent median concentration.
Fig 3.
CSF concentrations of mediators identified in patients with encephalitis of immune-mediated, infectious and unknown aetiology.
Table 5.
Comparison between the median mediator concentrations in serum and CSF in patients with HSV encephalitis and the rest of the group with encephalitis of an infectious aetiology.
Fig 4.
The heatmaps give a visual representation of how closely concentrations of different mediators correlate in the samples by nearest neighbour correlation.
Using a hierarchical cluster analysis the mediators are listed in the same order for each of the three aetiological groups to allow a visual comparison of the pattern between the groups. In the serum (a) the pattern of mediator correlations is similar for all three aetiological groups, where-as in the cerebrospinal fluid (b) the pattern differed between immune-mediated and infectious aetiologies, and the pattern for those of unknown aetiology is closer to that seen with infection.
Fig 5.
Cerebrospinal fluid myeloperoxidase concentration and cerebrospinal fluid neutrophil count for all cases of encephalitis.
Because at low levels neutrophils are just recorded as present or absent, and at higher levels actual counts are given we looked at CSF MPO concentrations using both these parameters. CSF neutrophil counts were given for 11 patients.