Fig 1.
Single line diagram of the 5-area 16-machine power system.
Fig 2.
Power system stabilizer with the IEEE type-ST1 excitation system.
Fig 3.
Modeling of a TCSC: a) TCSC location in a transmission line. b) Representation of the voltage source in the current source. C) Current injection model.
Fig 4.
Block diagram of the TCSC POD controller.
Fig 5.
Formulation of the multi-objective D-shaped cost function for stability analysis in the s-plane.
a) Stability defined by the expected damping ratio; b) Stability defined by the expected damping factor; c) Combination of the expected damping ratio and factor.
Fig 6.
BSA implementation block diagram for the coordination design of the PSS and TCSC controllers.
Table 1.
Optimization parameter constraints.
Fig 7.
Statistical box and whisker plots of each algorithm obtained from 15 individual simulation in linear model of multimachine power system.
Table 2.
Best solutions (cost values) obtained by each algorithm from 15 individual runs.
Table 3.
Best optimized parameters using each optimization algorithm for the 5-area system.
Fig 8.
Local mode in area 5 between G10 and G11 (W10-W11) for the 3-phase fault at bus 1.
Fig 9.
Local mode in area 5 between G13 and G10 (W13-W10) for the 3-phase fault at bus 1.
Fig 10.
Inter-area mode between G13 in area 5 and G16 in area 3 (W13-W16) for the 3-phase fault at bus 1.
Fig 11.
Inter-area mode between G10 in area 5 and G15 in area 1 (W10-W15) for the 3-phase fault at bus 1.
Table 4.
System stability improvement in term of settling time for the BSA- and PSO-based designs.