Table 1.
Summary of species in this study.
Table 2.
Numbers and Localities of all Specimens Used in This Study.
Fig 1.
Time-calibrated phylogeny of rhinocerotid taxa used in this study with outgroup H. eximius.
The thicker bars indicate the actual first and last appearance data (FAD and LAD) of the fossil localities included, not the comprehensive range of the species. D. bicornis has no blue line because only modern bones were examined. Tree was pruned from Cerdeño’s 1998 [10] morphologic phylogeny or Rhinocerotidae and time-calibrated in RStudio using the ‘equal’ setting in the function timePaleoPhy() in the software package ‘Paleotree’ [28]. Tree was set to be fully dichotomous and to extend all the way to the LAD.
Fig 2.
Index of Pathology (IPa) used in this study.
Examples of each pathology category and the 1–4 rating system are given along with a short description.
Table 3.
Frequency of Pathology Scores and IPa grouped by Osteopathologies per Taxa.
Table 4.
Linear Regression and Independent Contrast Regression against Mass.
Fig 3.
Comparison of the forelimb and hindlimb.
A color spectrum is used to indicate the percent of elements displaying any osteopathology in the forelimb and hindlimb, respectively. The closer to the red portion of the color spectrum, the higher percentage. The closer to the violet portion of the color spectrum, the lower the percentage. Rhino figures do not display relative size.
Fig 4.
A color spectrum is used to indicate the percent of elements displaying any osteopathology in the stylopod, zeugopod, and autopod regions, respectively. The closer to the red portion of the color spectrum, the higher percentage. The closer to the violet portion of the color spectrum, the lower the percentage. Rhino figures do not display relative size.