Fig 1.
Flowchart of the study participants.
Abbreviations: eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; BP: blood pressure; HT: hypertension; aTRH: apparent treatment-resistant hypertension; cHT: controlled HT; ucHT: uncontrolled hypertension with ≤ 2 antihypertensive drugs; Persistent cHT: controlled hypertension during the 4-year follow-up; Persistent ucHT: uncontrolled hypertension with ≤ 2 antihypertensive drugs during the 4-year follow-up.
Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants according to hypertension control status.
Fig 2.
Prevalence of hypertension control status according to GFR estimated from the MDRD, the CKD-EPI and the BIS1 equations at baseline.
Abbreviations: cHT: controlled hypertension; aTRH: apparent treatment resistant hypertension; ucHT: uncontrolled nonresistant hypertension with ≤ 2 antihypertensive drugs; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; MDRD: Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study; CKDP-EPI: Chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration; BIS1: the Berlin Initiative Study equation 1. eGFR categories in mL/min per 1.73m²: ≥60, 45–59 and <45. p-value for global comparison of frequencies of aTRH, cHT and ucHT according to eGFR levels was < 0.001 for each equation.
Table 2.
Association of kidney function and past decline rate with the prevalence of apparent treatment-resistant hypertension at baseline and at the 4-year follow-up.
Table 3.
Changes in hypertension control status over 4-year follow-up.
Table 4.
Association of kidney function at baseline and kidney function decline rate with new-onset apparent treatment-resistant hypertension.
Table 5.
Changes in antihypertensive therapy in 1054 participants with persistent uncontrolled nonresistant hypertension over 4-year follow-up.