Table 1.
Demographic, Disease-Related, and Structural MRI Data for all Subjects.
Fig 1.
Differences between groups in white matter FA.
(a) WM skeleton (green) depicting areas in which the pediatric-onset MS group demonstrated lower FA (blue) compared to the healthy control group (p < .01, corrected). (b) Mean lesion map of the pediatric MS group with brighter (yellow) areas representing voxels with higher probability of lesion occurrence. MNI152 template slice coordinates are also reported.
Table 2.
Differences Between Groups on DTI and fMRI Measures.
Fig 2.
Differences between groups in functional connectivity of resting-state networks.
Group ICA components (3D volumes) including (a) default mode network, (b) primary visual network, (c) secondary visual network, (d) salience network, (e) right frontoparietal network, (f) left frontoparietal network, (g) sensorimotor network, and (h) dorsal attention network. The ICA components are shown in FSL red-yellow encoding using a 3< z-score <10 threshold. The (i) bilateral frontoparietal and (j) precuneus (posterior default-mode) networks were the only networks which demonstrated significant differences between groups (p < .005 uncorrected, cluster size> 30 voxels). Areas in blue below these networks (k), with numbered clusters 1–4, indicate those areas within these networks in which the pediatric-onset MS group demonstrated higher connectivity compared to healthy controls. C1 indicates the anterior cingulate cluster and C2 the left middle frontal gyrus cluster of the bilateral frontoparietal network. C3 indicates the right precuneus and C4 the anterior cingulate cluster of the precuneus posterior default-mode network. Statistics for the connectivity values of these clusters are referred to throughout the text. All images are displayed in radiological convention. (Left = Right, Right = Left). The most informative slices are shown.
Table 3.
Correlation between DTI and Functional Connectivity Measures within Pediatric MS Group.