Fig 1.
Flow diagram of the study design (UMN: Upper motor neuron, LMN: Lower motor neuron).
Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of the participants.
Fig 2.
Gut microbiome composition profiles that differed between UMN group (n = 15), LMN group (n = 15), and control group (n = 10).
The values represent bacterial DNA counts in gut microbiome. (A) Total bacterial counts; (B) Pseudobutyrivibrio; (C) Dialister; (D) Megamonas; (E) Marvinbryantia; (F) Roseburia. The horizontal lines in the boxplots show median values and the whiskers show the 5–95 percentiles. Values below and above whiskers are represented with dots. UMN: Upper motor neuron; LMN: Lower motor neuron; C:Control; *p<0.05.
Fig 3.
Hierarchical cluster analysis showing the relative percent abundance of each genus in the study groups.
UMN: Upper motor neuron group; LMN: Lower motor neuron group; H: Healthy controls.