Fig 1.
Action spectra for erythema and for previtamin D formation in human skin and standard solar spectral irradiance at the surface of the earth.
Fig 2.
Effective spectral irradiances for both erythema and previtamin D formation when using standard spectrum of solar radiation COLIPA without sunscreen.
Table 1.
UV filter compositions for SPF 6 with different levels of Evd/Eer ratio and UV-A protection.
Fig 3.
Spectra of simulated UV transmittances of four SPF 6 sunscreens (compositions in Table 1) with weak, intermediate, strong UV-A and previtamin D optimized protective properties; small graph: transmittance scale enlarged in the spectral range from 290 to 330 nm.
Table 2.
UV filter compositions for SPF 15 with different levels of Evd/Eer ratio and UV-A protection.
Fig 4.
Spectra of simulated UV transmittances of four SPF 15 sunscreens (compositions in Table 2) with weak, intermediate, strong UV-A and previtamin D optimized protective properties; small graph: transmittance scale enlarged in the spectral range from 290 to 330 nm.
Table 3.
UV filter compositions for SPF 30 with different levels of Evd/Eer ratio and UV-A protection.
Fig 5.
Spectra of simulated UV transmittances of four SPF 30 sunscreens (compositions in Table 3) with weak, intermediate, strong UV-A and previtamin D optimized protective properties; small graph: transmittance scale enlarged in the spectral range from 290 to 330 nm.
Table 4.
Attenuation factors AFVD for previtamin D- effective radiation, exposure times (tVD) for skin type 2 needed per day for getting an equivalent of the recommended amount of 2000 IU vitamin D/day regarding 4 variations of sunscreens with SPF 6, 15 and 30, respectively.
Fig 6.
In vitro conversion of 7-DHC to previtamin D after irradiation with simulated UV solar radiation.
Mean values +/- SE.
Table 5.
Calculated SPF, EVD/Eer and AFVD of both a commercially available sunscreen (Neutrogena) and an experimental sunscreen named Solar D which was optimized to a low attenuation factor AFVD.