Fig 1.
Estimated zolpidem usage from 2000 to 2009 in Taiwan.
(Estimates were calculated by dividing the annual cost by the average price for a zolpidem tablet. Source: Bureau of National Health Insurance in Taiwan).
Fig 2.
Flowchart of sample selection and classification.
(“Mixed” refers to the use of a combination of zolpidem and other non-BZDs or non-BZDs and BZDs).
Table 1.
Basic characteristics of the different hypnotic groups in the study sample (N = 1,320,322).
Table 2.
Crude risk of mortality by hypnotics groups and other basic characteristics (N = 1,320,322).
Table 3.
Adjusted risk of mortality for the hypnotic groups.
Table 4.
Crude and adjusted risk of mortality for age- andgender-matching and propensity score matching.
Table 5.
Analysis of the causes of death of the study subjects who only used zolpidem.
Table 6.
Analysis of the dose-response relationship of mortality with the duration of zolpidem use.