Fig 1.
Map showing the location of the Basque territory in northern Spain and southern France.
The provinces of Alava, Biscay, Gipuzkoa, and the Chartered Community of Navarre in Spain, and the provinces of Labourd, Lower Navarre, and Soule in France are indicated. Adapted from Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Euskal_Herria_Europa.png); photo of Euskal Herria Europa by Zorion, under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CCAL) CC BY 3.0.
Table 1.
Diversity indices in Basque Diaspora populations.
Table 2.
Genetic distances based on Fst (below the diagonal) with the corresponding p-value (over the diagonal).
Fig 2.
Distribution of Eurasian, Native American and African lineages in the Basque Diaspora populations.
Geographical origin of samples is indicated by a number, Boise (1), Reno (2), and Chino (3) from USA, and Buenos Aires province (4) from Argentina. Adapted from Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:America-blank-map-01.svg); photo of Blank Politic Map of Americas by DavoO, under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CCAL) CC BY 3.0.
Fig 3.
MDS showing distances between Basque Diaspora populations and other populations, based on mtDNA haplogroup frequencies.
Populations included are as follows: Basque Diaspora populations (in red) from USA (USA-DDV and USA-DDA) and Argentina (ARG-DDV and ARG-DDA); Basque populations from Spain (BAS) and France (BAF); France (FRA); Germany (GER); Italy (ITA); Portugal (POR); Spain (non-Basque included) (SPA); African American (AFA), Apaches (APA), Navajos (NAJ), Hispanos (USH), and European descents (USE) from USA; Jujuy (JUJ), and residents (ARG) from Argentina; Basque Diaspora from Uruguay (URD); South-West China (CHI); Laos (LAO); Guinea-Bissau (GUI); and Ghana (GHA).
Fig 4.
PCA based on mtDNA haplogroup frequencies in Basque Diaspora and European populations.
Haplogroups and subhaplogroups included in the PCA biplot are R0 (including H subhaplogroups), HV0, J*, J1, J2, T*, T1, T2, U*, U1, U2, U3, U4, U5, U5a, U5b, U6, U7, U8, K, I, X, W, N, M, L, A, B, C, D, and others. Populations included are as follows: Basque Diaspora populations (in red) from USA (USA-DDV and USA-DDA) and Argentina (ARG-DDV and ARG-DDA), Basque populations from Spain (BAS) and France (BAF),France (FRA), Germany (GER), Italy (ITA), Portugal (POR), and Spain (non-Basque included) (SPA).