Fig 1.
The intact model: sectioned in the coronal (A), transverse (B), and sagittal planes(C)), with loading and boundary conditions.
The disc showing the inclination of the fibers (part D).
Table 1.
Material property and mesh type of spinal components and implants.
Fig 2.
Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion model.
(A) L4-5 right side facetectomy, (B) PEEK cage and bone graft was placed after partial discectomy.
Fig 3.
Finite element model of fixation modes.
Five finite element models with L3-S1 after right sided TLIF. UP, unilateral pedicle screw-plate fixation; UR, unilateral pedicle screw-rod fixation; BP, bilateral pedicle screw-plate fixation; BR, bilateral pedicle screw-rod fixation; UP+UR, unilateral pedicle screw-plate supplemented with pedicle screw-rod fixation.
Fig 4.
Comparison between the current intact model and previous studies for the validation.
A. Comparison with Dahl et al. B. Comparison with Soriano-Baron et al.
Fig 5.
Range of motion values at L4-L5 in intact and instrumentation models.
Fig 6.
Maximum Von Mises stresses on the pedicle screw.
LB: left lateral bending; RB: right lateral bending; LR: left axial rotation; RR: right axial rotation.
Fig 7.
Maximum Von Mises stresses on the longitudinal connector (rod/plate).
LB: left lateral bending; RB: right lateral bending; LR: left axial rotation; RR: right axial rotation.
Fig 8.
Stress nephogram of the intervertebral graft and posterior instrumentation on the right side under flexion.
Grey color region indicated the over 70 MPa Von Mises stresses distribution. Cage and bone graft were showed on the left and the posterior instrumentations were showed on the right.
Fig 9.
Maximum Von Mises stresses on intervertebral graft.
LB: left lateral bending; RB: right lateral bending; LR: left axial rotation; RR: right axial rotation.