Table 1.
The eight study sites exploring the influences of bumble bee visitation on the foraging behaviors and distribution patterns of honey bees.
Fig 1.
Three periods of foraging behavior of honey bees on a squash flower.
(A) top view; (B) lateral view.
Fig 2.
Elapsed time (mean ± se) of the Period for Departure-Arrival Route.
(A) pistillate flowers at the fields within the HN habitats; (B) staminate flowers at the fields within the HN habitats; and (C) pistillate and staminate flowers at the fields within the LN habitats. Numbers in parentheses indicate sample size. *** < 0.001; * < 0.05; ns: not significant.
Fig 3.
Behavioral responses of a newly-arrived bee to flowers occupied by conspecifics or heterospecifics.
(A) responses of a newly-arrived bee in the fields within the HN habitats; (B) responses of a newly-arrived bee in the fields within the LN habitats. Numbers in bars showed the sample size.
Fig 4.
Length of time (mean ± se) used by a honey bee to examine and collect the floral resources.
(A) pistillate flowers; (B) staminate flowers. Numbers in parentheses indicated sample size. *** < 0.001.
Table 2.
Differences in the percentages (median and range) of the four instances of honey bees (one, two, three, and four honey bees visiting a single squash flower) between the HN habitats and the LN habitats.
Fig 5.
Partial dependence plots for explanatory variables in the BRT model.
Y axes were centered on the mean of the response variable. The relative contributions of explanatory variables averaging overall BRT model ensembles are showed as the percentage values in parentheses.
Table 3.
Differences in the number (median and range) of the four instances of honey bees (one, two, three, and four honey bees visiting a single squash flower) between the HN habitats and the LN habitats.