Table 1.
Identification of fungal strains isolated from the jellyfish samples based on morphological characteristics as well as DNA analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region.
The closest relatives in GenBank according toBLAST search were presented.
Fig 1.
Neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree from analysis of available rDNA-ITS sequences of all identified jellyfish-derived fungi.
The ITS sequences obtained in this work were indicated in bold. Bootstrap values were indicated at nodes of each branch based on a neighbor-joining analysis of 1000 replicates. Only values of > 50% were shown. Scale bar was equal to 0.1 substitutions per nucleotide position.
Table 2.
Results of agar diffusion assays for the antibiotic activity of ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extracts from OSMAC cultures of the giant jellyfish-derived fungi.
Fig 2.
HPLC chromatograms of EtOAc extracts of (A) Tilletiopsis sp., (B)Tilletiopsis albescens, (C) P. lilacinum, (D) Cladosporium sp. cultivated with WMB, RM, ISP2 media detected at 210nm or 220nm.
Fig 3.
(A) Photograph of pure strains (1) Aspergillus versicolor, (2)Tilletiopsis albescens and co-cultivation of two jellyfish-derived fungi on Wickerham’ medium plates (Φ = 9cm). (B) HPLC chromatograms of EtOAc extracts of Aspergillus versicolor (Y11) and co-culture (CO) cultivated with WMB and RM medium were presented with different colored lines under 220nm. Peaks with the same retention time (tR) and UV absorbance spectra were labeled with different arrows. New peaks induced by varying media or co-cultivation were indicated with number 1~17 in each chromatogram. (C) UV absorbance spectra of peaks at tR = 50min of Y11-1, Y11-2, CO-1 and CO-2.
Fig 4.
Results of antifungal activity of crude extracts from pure stain SmT07 and co-culture strains in liquid Wickerham’ medium and solid rice medium against three common phytopathogenic fungi.
Bars indicate the standard deviation from four replicates. Different alphabets above the bars have mean values that are significantly different (p < 0.05).