Fig 1.
Seal’s movement when leaving the lair (urgent state).
Fig 2.
Seal inside a multi-chambered lair during a normal state, designed by Robert Barnes, UNEP/GRID-Arendal [68].
Fig 3.
A model of Seal Search during urgent state (a), and normal state (b).
Fig 4.
The Ringed Seal Search algorithm.
Fig 5.
Data flow in the RSS algorithm.
Table 1.
List of benchmark test functions.
Fig 6.
F5 function in 2D for m = 10, n = 5.
Fig 7.
Searching for a new solutions by using Ringed Seal Search, final achieved solutions are highlighted with a diamond.
Table 2.
AB, MB and SD results using uni-Objective functions.
Table 3.
Var and SQ results using uni-Objective functions.
Table 4.
AB, MB and SD results using multi-objective functions.
Table 5.
Var and SQ results using multi-objective functions.
Fig 8.
Average Best convergence of F9 test function using RSS (a) and CS (b).
Fig 9.
Average Best convergence of F9 test function using PSO (a) and GA (b).
Fig 10.
AB convergence of CS, RSS, PSO and GA for minimization of (a) F1 and (b) F2.
Fig 11.
AB convergence of CS, RSS, PSO and GA for minimization of (a) F3 and (b) F4.
Fig 12.
AB convergence of CS, RSS, PSO and GA for minimization of (a) F5 and (b) F6.
Fig 13.
AB convergence of CS, RSS, PSO and GA for minimization of (a) F7 and (b) F8.
Fig 14.
AB convergence of CS, RSS, PSO and GA for minimization of (a) F9 and (b) F10.
Fig 15.
AB convergence of CS, RSS, PSO and GA for minimization of (a) F11 and (b) F12.
Fig 16.
AB convergence of CS, RSS, PSO and GA for minimization of (a) F13 and (b) F14.
Fig 17.
AB convergence of CS, RSS, PSO and GA for minimization of F15.
Fig 18.
The variance values during different iterations of CS, RSS, PSO and GA for F15.
Fig 19.
Configuration of the RSS system.
Fig 20.
The block diagram of the RSS module.
Fig 21.
Evaluation function of RSS compared with SA.