Table 1.
Aphid strains used in the study.
Letters reported in the ‘Symbiotic status’ column stand for the symbiotic complement including the obligate symbiont Buchnera (B) and the two facultative symbionts, Rickettsiella (R) and Hamiltonella (H).
Fig 1.
The six experimental treatments combining pairs of aphid types in order to test the effects of colour and symbiotic complement on aphid survival under predation pressure. Aphid type was defined as a combination of aphid colour and symbiotype. The aphid survival rate was tested (A) between red and green aphid types with different symbiotic complement and (B) among green types differing by their symbiotic complements. Letters reported in the aphids stand for the symbiotic complement including the obligate symbiont Buchnera (B) and the two facultative symbionts, Rickettsiella (R) and Hamiltonella (H). The name code of each treatment is indicated on the link between considered aphid types (Capital letter: the aphid colour; Subscript letters: symbiotic complement).
Fig 2.
The overall rate of aphid survival.
Proportion of surviving Acyrthosiphon pisum aphids among the thirty exposed to predation by an adult Coccinella septempunctata during 24 hours. Each treatment is the combination of two aphid types exposed to predation. See Fig 1 for the treatment code. Twenty replicates have been conducted per treatment (except for treatment GBR-GBRH where N = 16). Error bars represent the standard error of the proportion. Different letters presents significant difference (p < 0.05; GLMM).
Fig 3.
The survival rate of aphids depending on their type.
Proportion of surviving Acyrthosiphon pisum aphids among fifteen of each type exposed to predation by an adult Coccinella septempunctata during 24 hours. Each treatment is the combination of two aphid types exposed to predation. Twenty replicates have been conducted per treatment (except for treatment GBR-GBRH where N = 16). (A)–(F): results for each experiment treatment. Error bars represent the standard error of the proportion. Different letters presents significant difference (p < 0.05; GLMM).