Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population.
Fig 1.
Urinary [TIMP-2]•[IGFBP7] in non-AKI and AKI subjects stratified for age.
Boxplots of urinary [TIMP-2]•[IGFBP7] for different age ranges for the non-AKI group I (white boxes), non-AKI group II (light grey boxes) and the AKI group (dark grey boxes). Selected age groups were composed as follows: 0–28 days (non-AKI group I, n = 4; non-AKI group II, n = 18; AKI group, n = 14), 29 days—2 years (non-AKI group I, n = 9; non-AKI group II, n = 4; AKI group, n = 10), 2–5 years (non-AKI group I, n = 7; non-AKI group II, n = 13; AKI group, n = 9), 6–11 years (non-AKI group I, n = 4; non-AKI group II, n = 17; AKI group, n = 4), 12–18 years (non-AKI group I, n = 3; non-AKI group II, n = 8; AKI group, n = 9). The lower and upper edges of the box represent the first and third quartile, respectively, while the horizontal line within the box indicates the median. The vertical length of the box represents the interquartile range (IQR). The most extreme sample values (within a distance of 1.5 x IQR) are the endpoints of the whiskers. Outliers (1.5–3.0 x IQR outside the box) are shown as dots, extremes (> 3.0 x IQR) as triangles. Unit for [TIMP-2]•[IGFBP7] is (ng/mL)2/1,000. Abbreviations: d, days; yrs, years. *P<0.05 vs. AKI of same age group, **P<0.05 vs. age group 0–28 days and 29 days– 2 years of non-AKI group II by Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn’s multiple comparison test.
Fig 2.
Urinary [TIMP-2]•[IGFBP7] in established AKI according to pRIFLE classification.
Boxplots of urinary [TIMP-2]•[IGFBP7] for the AKI cohort (n = 46) stratified for the different pRIFLE stages. Groups were composed as follows: non-AKI I+II (n = 87), “Risk” (n = 6), “Injury” (n = 13), “Failure” (n = 26), “Loss” (n = 1). For explanation of boxplots and unit for [TIMP-2]•[IGFBP7] see legend of Fig 1. P<0.001 for “Failure” vs. non-AKI I+II by Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn’s multiple comparison test.
Fig 3.
Urinary [TIMP-2]•[IGFBP7] in established AKI of heterogeneous etiology.
Boxplots of urinary [TIMP-2]•[IGFBP7] for the different AKI etiologies. Cause of AKI is listed under the boxplot, number of patients of each group in brackets. For explanation of boxplots and unit for [TIMP-2]•[IGFBP7] see legend of Fig 1. Abbreviations: HUS, hemolytic uremic syndrome. *P<0.001 by Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn’s multiple comparison test.
Fig 4.
Diagnostic accuracy of [TIMP-2]•[IGFBP7] for the prediction of adverse outcomes in AKI.
Receiver operating characteristic curves for the diagnostic accuracy of [TIMP-2]•[IGFBP7] in prediction of 30-day mortality, 3-month mortality and need for RRT assessed for the AKI group (A, C, E) and the group of inpatients (AKI patients plus ICU patients without AKI; N = 63) (B, D, F).
Fig 5.
Kaplan—Meier curves for death or dialysis within 3 months after study enrollment.
Composite endpoint of death or dialysis within 3 months for patients with established AKI (pRIFLE “Risk” stage or higher). A time period of only 30 days is shown as all first events of the composite endpoint occurred within this time period. Urinary [TIMP-2]•[IGFBP7] ranges of ≤0.3 (long dashed line, n = 15), 0.3 to ≤2.0 (short dashed line, n = 18), and >2.0 (solid line, n = 13) are shown. Log-rank P = 0.003 for [TIMP-2]•[IGFBP7] >2.0 vs. [TIMP-2]•[IGFBP7] ≤0.3.