Table 1.
Total variable costs (TVC) used in economic analysis of profit from different treatments applied to common bean plants.
Table 2.
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) on the average abundance, incidence and damage by key pests found on common bean plants and total grain yield, comparing three control treatments (untreated, water+soap, water only), two concentration levels (1%, 10%) and when soap was added (during extraction, after extraction).
In all cases, there were no significant differences across parameters at the 95% confidence interval using Tukey’s post-hoc Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test.
Fig 1.
Abundance of key pests and predators on bean plants.
Aphid abundance uses a 1–5 severity index, whereas all other insects are counted.
Table 3.
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) on the average abundance of key pests and predators and the average incidence and damage of key pests found on common bean plants sprayed weekly with extracts of four plant species and positive/negative control treatments.
Values in the same column followed by the same letter are not significantly different from each other at the 95% confidence interval using Tukey’s post-hoc Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test.
Fig 2.
Percentage of bean plants infested with key pest species.
Fig 3.
Insect damage to bean plants by key pest species affecting beans.
Data are expressed as an index where 0 = No damage; 1 = Damage up to 25%; 2 = Damage 26%-50%; 3 = Damage 51%-75%; and 4 = Damage 76%-100%.
Table 4.
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) on the yield and economic return of common bean plants sprayed weekly with extracts of four plant species and positive/negative control treatments.
Values in the same column followed by the same letter are not significantly different from each other at the 95% confidence interval using Tukey’s post-hoc Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test.