Fig 1.
Airway measurements of the volume (V), height (H), and minimum cross sectional area (Min) using Dolphin 11.7 software package.
(A). Pink area defines the airway portion of interest, and the green plane locates the minimum cross sectional area. V, H, and Min were automatically calculated; (B). Front view of the evaluated upper airway. The airway was divided into nasopharynx, velopharynx, and hypopharynx by two horizontal planes passing the posterior nasal spine and the tip of the soft palate; (C). Lateral view of the evaluated upper airway.
Fig 2.
Measurements of the sagittal airway dimension in the mid-sagittal plane of CBCT.
Fig 3.
Measurements of the area and morphology of the cross-sectional planes passing the sagittal linear measurements.
(A) Pink area defines the upper airway, and the yellow line indicates the plane passing the sagittal airway parameter of U-MPW. (B) Coronal view of the cross section passing the U-MPW. The A-P dimeter, lateral dimeter, and area are measured. (C) and (D) showed the typical changes of the morphology from pre to post treatment in the same cross section passing U-MPW.
Table 1.
Measurements of the sagittal airway dimension, craniofacial structures, and hyoid position.
Fig 4.
Measurements of the craniofacial structures and hyoid position in the lateral cephalograms generated by CBCT.
(1) A-VRL; (2) B-VRL; (3) U1-VRL; (4) L1-VRL; (5) H-MP; (6) H-C3; (7) H-Rgn; and (8) H-HRL.
Table 2.
Changes in the craniofacial structures and position of the hyoid bone after orthodontic extraction treatment in adults with Class II and hyperdivergent pattern (n = 18).
Table 3.
Changes in the volume, height, and cross sectional area of the upper airway after orthodontic extraction treatment in adults with Class II and hyperdivergent pattern (n = 18).
Table 4.
Changes in the sagittal airway dimension and cross section morphology after orthodontic extraction treatment in adults with Class II and hyperdivergent pattern (n = 18).
Table 5.
Differences in the volume, height, and cross sectional area of the upper airway between the post-treatment adult patients and the matched untreated controls.