Table 1.
Clinical characteristics and pregnancy outcomes according to amniocentesis-to-delivery interval (i.e., ≤2 days, 2–7 days, and >7 days) in 133 patients with preterm labor and intact membranes (PTL) and sterile amniotic fluid.
Table 2.
Clinical characteristics and pregnancy outcomes according to amniocentesis-to-delivery interval (i.e., ≤2 days, 2–7 days, and >7 days) in 156 patients with preterm premature rupture of membranes (preterm-PROM) and sterile amniotic fluid.
Fig 1.
Frequency of inflammation in placental compartments according to amniocentesis-to-delivery interval.
The frequency of chorio-deciduitis (A), amnionitis (B), funisitis (C), and chorionic plate inflammation (D) according to amniocentesis-to-delivery interval (i.e., ≤2 days, 2–7 days, and >7 days) is shown in patients with PTL and preterm-PROM. Frequency and P-values are shown.
Fig 2.
Amniocentesis-to-delivery interval in accordance with histologic status of the extra-placental membranes.
Amniocentesis-to-delivery interval is shown according to histologic status of the extra-placental membranes (i.e., inflammation-free, chorio-deciduitis only, and chorio-deciduitis with amnionitis) in patients with PTL (median, range; 20.6 hours [0.01–1794.8 hours] vs. 113.9 hours [0.10–1093.1 hours] vs. 654.5 hours [312.2–718.2 hours]) and preterm-PROM (median, range; 42.9 hours [0.01–1267.2 hours] vs. 95.2 hours [0.01–1833.9 hours] vs. 131.3 hours [90.2–655.0 hours]). P-values and Spearman rank correlation coefficients are shown.
Fig 3.
Histopathology of extra-placental membranes (chorio-decidua and amnion) (These images are based on the magnification setting X200).
Hematoxylin and eosin stained histologic sections of extra-placental membranes (chorio-decidua and amnion) are shown for inflammation-free placenta (A, PTL; and B, preterm-PROM), choriodeciduitis only (C, PTL; and D, preterm-PROM) and chorio-deciduitis with amnionitis (E, PTL; and F, preterm-PROM). Neutrophils in the chorio-decidua are indicated with arrows in panel C and panel D (see insets of panels C-D), and arrows in panel E and panel F indicate neutrophilic infiltration in amnion (see insets of panels E-F).
Table 3.
Relationship of various independent variables with the development of chorio-deciduitis and amnionitis analyzed by overall logistic regression analysis in PTL with sterile amniotic fluid.
Table 4.
Relationship of various independent variables with the development of chorio-deciduitis and amnionitis analyzed by overall logistic regression analysis in preterm-PROM with sterile amniotic fluid.
Table 5.
Relationship between the latency after ROM and chorioamnionitis in previous studies.