Table 1.
Classification algorithm based on regional atrophy patterns and definition of subtypes.
Table 2.
Mean normalized ROI volumes and Z-scores of AD subtypes.
Table 3.
Baseline demographic, clinical characteristics and neuropsychological measures of subjects.
Fig 1.
Overall regional brain atrophy pattern of AD subtypes in voxel-based morphometry.
Voxel-wise whole-brain comparison of regional GM volume after correction for multiple comparisons using family-wise error correction at p < 0.05 (k = 100). (A) to (D) show the regional patterns of GM volume loss in each AD subtype compared with CN. (A) CN vs. BI, (B) CN vs. HA, (C) CN vs. CA and (D) CN vs. BS. GM, Gray matter; AD, Alzheimer’s disease; CN, Cognitively normal; BI, Both impaired; HA, Hippocampal atrophy only; CA, Cortical atrophy only; BS, Both spared.
Fig 2.
Longitudinal changes of cognitive function over 2 years across AD subtypes.
Baseline, 1-year, and 2-year follow-up data on (A) MMSE indicating global cognition, (B) ADNI-Mem indicating memory function and (C) ADNI-EF indicating executive function are plotted, with means and standard errors. AD, Alzheimer’s disease; BI, Both impaired; HA, Hippocampal atrophy only; CA, Cortical atrophy only; BS, Both spared; MMSE; Mini-mental state examination; ADNI-Mem, composite score of memory function; ADNI-EF, composite score of executive function.
Fig 3.
The dot plots of CSF biomarkers in CN and AD subtypes. Bars indicates median and IQR. (A) CSF Aβ1–42, (B) CSF t-tau, (C) CSF p-tau, (D) t-tau/Aβ1–42 ratio, (E) p-tau/Aβ1–42 ratio. CN, Cognitively normal; AD, Alzheimer’s disease; BI, Both impaired; HA, Hippocampal atrophy only; CA, Cortical atrophy only; BS, Both spared; CSF, Cerebrospinal fluid; Aβ1–42 = Amyloid-β 1–42 peptide; t-tau, total tau; p-tau, phosphorylated tau.
Table 4.
CSF biomarkers of subjects in CN and AD subtypes.