Table 1.
Summary of animals satellite tagged.
Table 2.
Summary of all covariates considered in the whale GAMMs: bathymetry, NASC values for 8 components of the micronekton from cruise data, currents absolute and vertical velocities, temperature and salinity at 11 depth levels from a general circulation model.
Fig 1.
Distribution of interpolated position estimates per year (a-b) or month (c-d) for short-finned pilot whales (a-c) and Blainville’s beaked whales (b-d).
Fig 2.
Maps of filtered and resampled tracks for short-finned pilot whales (a, n = 46) and Blainville’s beaked whales (b, n = 12). Satellite tag deployment locations are represented with green triangles.
Fig 3.
Kernel density estimates of short-finned pilot whales (a) and Blainville’s beaked whales (b) from satellite tag data (color scale) overlaid with bathymetry contours (white lines) and surface current direction (black arrows—the size of the arrow is proportional to current strength). Satellite tag deployment locations are represented with green triangles.
Fig 4.
Observed density of micronekton along 2011, 2013, 2014 cruise transects (a–c, respectively), all 3 cruises combined with the “hotspot” and “off-shore” sites circled (d) and corresponding predicted density of micronekton over the study area from the GAM (lon,lat) (e). Values shown here are standardized NASC values for 70 kHz deep night-time. The lettered black dots on Fig 4B represent the 2013 trawling stations.
Fig 5.
Depth profiles of NASC from the 2011 cruise for the 38 kHz (blue lines) and 70 kHz (black lines) transducers at one inshore location (a-b) and one off-shore location (c-d) during the night-time (left) and the daytime (right). See Fig 4D for inshore and offshore locations.
Fig 6.
Bathymetry (a, m), Currents speed (m/s) at the surface (b), Temperature (°C) at 500 m overlayed with surface currents vectors (c, the white area corresponds to waters shallower than 500 m) and vertical velocity (cm/s) of currents at 10 m (d). See text for data sources.
Fig 7.
Kernel density estimates for short-finned pilot whale (a), predicted short-finned pilot whale density from GAMM (b), smoother from GAMM for bathymetry (c), temperature at 500 m (d). The two scales are not the same to better reflect where the areas of relative highest densities are, according to the density estimates and the model predictions. Dashed lines represent the confidence intervals around the smoothers.
Table 3.
Variables in the GAMM for short-finned pilot whales and amount of deviance explained by each.
Fig 8.
Kernel density estimates for Blainville’s beaked whale density (a), predicted Blainville’s beaked whale density from GAMM (b), smoother from GAMM for bathymetry (c), temperature at 300 m (d), micronekton density in the shallow layer observed on the 70 kHz (e). The two scales are not the same to better reflect where the areas of relative highest densities are, according to the density estimates and the model predictions. Dashed lines represent the confidence intervals around the smoothers.
Table 4.
Variables in the GAMM for Blainville’s beaked whales and amount of deviance explained by each.
Table 5.
Deviance explained by the biomass of each micronekton component in a single-variable GAMM for Blainville’s beaked whales and short-finned pilot whales.
Fig 9.
Bathymetry smoothers from GAMMs for short-finned pilot whales (a), and Blainville’s beaked whales (b), and from GAM for 70 kHz NASC (c), 38 kHz NASC (d). Black and blue lines represent daytime and night-time distributions, respectively. Dashed lines represent the confidence intervals around the smoothers.
Table 6.
Results of trawl samples analysis.
With station name (see Fig 4), inshore vs. off-shore location, proportion of Oplophorus gracilorostris in caridean shrimps, and proportion of Abralia trigonura in enoploteuthid squids.