Fig 1.
Study flow depicting search strategy, inclusion/exclusion criteria, and summary of systematic review.
Table 1.
Quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies.
Fig 2.
Comparisons by reference test.
Summary of the 139 papers by reference test, including 413 index/reference comparisons. Of the culture reference tests, 80% were blood culture, making up 57% of all reference tests.
Table 2.
Meta-analysis results by study quality.
Fig 3.
Graphical illustration of sensitivities (y-axis) and specificities (x-axis) corresponding to comparisons included in the meta-analysis: PCR-based assays (A), anti-LPS assays (B), TUBEX® assays (C), anti-S. typhi assays (D), Typhidot assays (E), Widal assays (F). Meta-analysis was performed using bivariate random effects binomial regression (STATA command: metandi). Sizes of individual study estimates (grey circle) represent sample size. Summary point (red square), hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic curves (green line), 95% confidence regions (yellow dashed line), and 95% prediction regions (grey dashed line) are depicted.
Table 3.
Constructed numerical example.