Fig 1.
Graphical illustration of (a) monotypic and (b) mixed algal assembles with (c) different levels fragmentation (i.e. low, intermediate and high).
Different letters indicate the three different morphological groups. Dashed boxed indicate bare rock.
Fig 2.
Most abundant groups of benthic macroinvertebrates found in patches made of bare rock (clear bars), bare rock and crust (grey bars), bare rock and turf (striped bars), bare rock and canopy (black bars).
Fig 3.
Mean (± SE, n = 4) numbers of species in patches with different algal assemblages (E, T, C, ET, EC, TC) and fragmentation (low, intermediate or high).
Table 1.
Analysis of variance of number of species, number of species standardized by per algal biomass; and numbers of individuals in experimental patches.
Assemblage is the fixed comparison with three levels: a) monotypic assemblages (E, T, C) or b) (ET, EC and TC). Fragmentation is a fixed comparison with three levels (low, intermediate and high). Pairwise comparisons (SNK tests) for the three assemblage types within each diversity level, means in brackets (n = 4); No. species / biomass and no. individuals were transformed using log(x+1).
Fig 4.
nMDS ordination of centroids of assemblages in patches of different algal assemblages and fragmentation, using n = 4 patches of each combination.
Letters indicate algal assemblages (E, T, C, ET, EC, TC). Numbers indicate the treatment: 1 is low; 2 is intermediate; 3 is high. Data were ln (X+1) transformed.
Table 2.
Multivariate analysis (PERMANOVA) of assemblages of macroinvertebrates in experimental patches.
Assemblage is the fixed comparison with three levels: a) monotypic assemblages (E, T, C) or b) (ET, EC and TC). Fragmentation is a fixed comparison with three levels (low, intermediate and high). c) Average pairwise dissimilarities and permutation tests between different algal assemblages using Bray-Curtis and Jaccard dissimilarities.
Table 3.
Analysis of variance of abundances of (a) gastropods and (b) amphipods in experimental patches. Assemblage is the fixed comparison with three levels: monotypic (E, T, C) or mixed (ET, EC and TC) assemblages.
Fragmentation is a fixed comparison with three levels (low, intermediate or high). Significant factors compared with SNK at P < 0.05. (c) Means (n = 4) and SNK tests.
Fig 5.
Mean (± SE, n = 4) log ratio observed/expected number of animal species in mixed algal assemblages (ET, EC and TC) and fragmentation (low, intermediate or high).
Table 4.
Analysis of variance of log ratio between expected and observed number of species in different macroalgal assemblages (ET, EC, and TC) and fragmentation (low, intermediate and high).
Log ratio was calculated using the relative abundances of each macroalgal morphological groups in monotypic patches (see Methods for details). Means and SNK tests are in Fig 4.