Fig 1.
Map showing location of all 81 site phases used in the osteometric analysis.
Fig 2.
Full distribution and box-plot overlay of all LSI transformed measurements for Bos taurus categorized by broad chronological period.
Each measurement is jittered to reveal the distribution of the data.
Fig 3.
Bos taurus proportional change in the mean of the 20 best represented osteometrics coded according to axis.
Blue lines represent breadth, red lines represent length and green lines represent depth. The dashed line is the mean value for all measurements. The raw osteometrics and their proportional change are listed in Table 2.
Table 1.
Tukey HSD results showing difference in mean levels of Period for Bos taurus.
Table 2.
Mean measurement (in mm) per osteometric for each period, n = number of measurements per osteometric, the proportional change in the mean between periods is shown in parentheses.
This is also averaged for breadth, length and depth measurements, and reported for each period (note, Scapula GLP and Scapula LG have been grouped with the length osteometrics according to von den Driesch’s original anatomical justification, although they could arguably be considered with the breadth osteometrics).
Fig 4.
Evolutionary rates for Neolithic cattle, showing the Haldane numerator against time expressed in number of generations.
Table 3.
Haldane rates (x 103) for Neolithic domestic animals and wild cattle (n = number of phases, g = generation time).
See S2 Table for raw data.
Fig 5.
Full distribution and box-plot overlay of all LSI transformed measurements for Bos taurus male (n = 282) and female (n = 593) categorized by broad chronological period, revealing a synchronous trend (n = number of osteometric measurements per sex per period).
Fig 6.
Top: LSI for all LSI transformed measurements (each blue dot) for adult Bos taurus; horizontal jittering is merely to aid viewing.
Red bar indicates the median. Bottom: relative proportion of site phases with predominantly sub-adult remains over time. Sample sizes shown are the total number of site phases in each period. Red dots are random samples from each beta distribution, and are merely to aid viewing the uncertainty in the proportion estimates. Black bars indicate the 75% highest posterior density.
Table 4.
Raw counts of adult male and adult female bones identified according to morphological criteria (n = number of phases).
The proportion values and 95% CI are calculated from the beta distribution.