Fig 1.
Image of the CAP device–MiniFlatPlaSter®- used in this study.
Table 1.
Characteristics of the MiniFlatPlaSter®.
The concentration of reactive species was measured as a function of time; the above values are averages over 1 min.
Fig 2.
Experimental setup for CAP treatment of the HNSCC cell lines OSC-19 and FaDu.
Fig 3.
Comet assay images after DNA-staining with ethidium bromide.
A Undamaged OSC-19 cell with intact DNA and no migration. DNA fragmentation leads to a faster and further migration into the electric field, which results in a figure shaped like a comet with undamaged DNA in the head and damaged DNA in the tail (B+C). The brighter and longer the tail, the higher the level of DNA fragmentation. B OSC-19 cell with a moderate CAP induced DNA-damage. C Representative image of high DNA-fragmentation.
Fig 4.
Annexin V/PI Staining of HNSCC cells.
Results obtained by fluorescence microscopy show that early apoptotic cells have bound Annexin-FITC to the phosphatidylserin on the membrane surface (green cell). As apoptosis progressed, the plasma membrane integrity gets lost, and the propidium iodide is able to bind to nucleotid DNA, so that late apoptotic or necrotic cells appear in red.
Fig 5.
Measured cell viability reduction for different CAP treatment times.
For both HNSCC cell lines the viability decreases for increasing CAP treatment times. Standard errors of the mean, depicted by whisker blots.
Fig 6.
Detection of DNA damage (using the comet assay) in FaDu cells after different CAP treatment times.
Standard box-plots (lower quartile, median, upper quartile) were used to illustrate the results. Dots denote mild statistical outliers (between 1.5 and 3 times interquartile range (IQR)); asterisks denote extreme statistical outliers (more than 3 times IQR).
Fig 7.
Detection of DNA damage (using the comet assay) in OSC-19 cells after different CAP treatment times.
Standard box-plots (lower quartile, median, upper quartile) were used to illustrate the results. Dots denote mild statistical outliers (between 1.5 and 3 times interquartile range (IQR)).
Fig 8.
Standard box-plot of apoptotic cells for FaDu cell line after different CAP treatment times.
Fig 9.
Apoptotic OSC-19 cells after different CAP treatment times.