Fig 1.
Flowchart of studies included in the meta-analysis.
Table 1.
Summary of Included Studies.
Table 2.
Quality Evaluation of Included Trials.
Fig 2.
Forest plot comparing treatment effectiveness between L. reuteri group and placebo group under per-protocol analysis.
The statistical method used was the Mantel–Haenszel (M-H) method, the effect measure was RR, and the analysis method was the random effects model.
Fig 3.
Forest plot comparing treatment effectiveness between L. reuteri group and placebo group under intention-to-treatment analysis.
The statistical method used was the Mantel–Haenszel method (M-H), the effect measure was RR, and the analysis method was the random effects model.
Fig 4.
Sensitivity analyses of treatment effectiveness between the L. reuteri group and the placebo group under intention-to-treatment analysis.
One week (a), two weeks (b), three weeks (c) and four weeks (d).
Fig 5.
Forest plot comparing crying time between the L. reuteri group and the placebo group.
The statistical method used was Cohen’s d (it is an effect size used to indicate the standardised difference between two means, also widely used in meta-analysis), the effect measure was WMD, and the analysis method was the random effect model.
Fig 6.
Sensitivity analyses comparing crying time between the L. reuteri group and the placebo group.
One week (a), two weeks (b), three weeks (c) and four weeks (d).
Fig 7.
Forest plot comparing growth parameters between the L. reuteri group and the placebo group on weight, length and head circumference.
The statistical method was Cohen’s d, the effect measure was WMD, and the analysis method was the fixed-effects model.