Fig 1.
The biopsychosocial model proposed in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF).
Table 1.
Characteristics of the included population.
Table 2.
Questions or questionnaires used to assess the determinants of psychosocial difficulties (PSD) selected for further analyses and split into three groups: “psychologic-personal factors I”, “psychologic-personal factors II” and “environmental factors.”
Table 3.
Results of the random forest and linear regressions used to identify the most important determinants of psychosocial difficulties (PSD).
The PARADISE24 score, a single metric score estimating the level of PSD by using Rasch analyses, was used as the dependent variable. Determinants of PSD included in the analyses as independent variables were split into three groups: “psychologic-personal factors I”, “psychologic-personal factors II”, and “environmental factors”. For each group, the first two columns report the importance estimate and the ranking of importance estimated with random forest regression, respectively. The columns R2 adjusted and R2 report the increase in explained variance calculated with classical linear regression analysis by adding the determinants stepwise in rank order into the model. The dependent variable was the PSD. All models were controlled for age, gender and level of education. The most important determinants of PSD for each group were included in a final model (selected determinants). Eventually selected determinants of PSD are printed in bold.
Fig 2.
Summary of health conditions and the identified determinants (environmental and psychologic-personal factors).
* The psychosocial difficulties included in the PARADISE24 metric and used to identify the determinants are: energy and drive, motivation, appetite, sleep, attention, memory, psychomotor difficulties, agitation & aggression, depressive mood, worry and anxiety, stress, making decisions, pain, sexual activities (body-function domains); communication, walking, washing oneself, independence in everyday activities, looking after one’s health, informal relationships with friends, family and intimate relationships, education/work and employment, managing money, joining in community activities (activities-and-participation domains).