Fig 1.
Diagramatic representation of the cerebello-dentato-thalamo-cortical pathway.
The figure depicts the pathway from the cerebellum to the motor cortex, via the ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus. The Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex have inhibitory synapses on the cells of the deep cerebellar nuclei, and are thought to modulate the tonic excitatory effects of the dentate-thalamo-cortical pathway on cortical excitability. (+) = excitatory synapses; (-) = inhibitory synapses. (Diagram by A. H.).
Fig 2.
Averaged transcranial magnetic stimulation-evoked potentials before and after sham theta burst stimulation.
The effects of sham TBS in the participants who received genuine TBS at 80% of resting motor threshold in other sessions are shown on the left; subjects who received theta burst stimulation at 90% of resting motor threshold are shown on the right. A. Grand average pre- and post-stimulation waveforms are shown as recorded at the C3 electrode. B. Topographical distribution of surface voltages for P60, N100 and N180 components of the TEP. Upper maps are pre-treatment, lower maps are post-treatment potentials. C. Grand average pre- and post-treatment potentials at selected electrodes. Blue traces = pre-treatment evoked potentials; red traces = post-treatment evoked potentials; μV = microvolts; msec = milliseconds; TMS = transcranial magnetic stimulation; TBS = theta burst stimulation; RMT = resting motor threshold; TEP = TMS-evoked potential.
Fig 3.
Averaged transcranial magnetic stimulation-evoked potentials before and after intermittent theta burst stimulation.
The effects of iTBS at 80% of resting motor threshold are shown on the left; subjects who received intermittent TBS at 90% of resting motor threshold are shown on the right. A. Grand average pre- and post-stimulation waveforms are shown as recorded at the C3 electrode. B. Topographical distribution of surface voltages for P60, N100 and N180 components of the TEP. Upper maps are pre-treatment, lower maps are post-treatment potentials. C. Grand average pre- and post-treatment potentials at selected electrodes. Blue traces = pre-treatment evoked potentials; red traces = post-treatment evoked potentials; μV = microvolts; msec = milliseconds; TMS = transcranial magnetic stimulation; TBS = theta burst stimulation; RMT = resting motor threshold; TEP = TMS-evoked potential; iTBS = intermittent theta burst stimulation.
Fig 4.
Averaged transcranial magnetic stimulation-evoked potentials before and after continuous theta burst stimulation.
The effects of continuous TBS at 80% of resting motor threshold are shown on the left; the effects of continuous theta burst stimulation at 90% of resting motor threshold are shown on the right. A. Grand average pre- and post-stimulation waveforms are shown as recorded at the C3 electrode. B. Topographical distribution of surface voltages for P60, N100 and N180 components of the TEP. Upper maps are pre-treatment, lower maps are post-treatment potentials. C. Grand average pre- and post-treatment potentials at selected electrodes. Blue traces = pre-treatment evoked potentials; red traces = post-treatment evoked potentials; μV = microvolts; msec = milliseconds; TMS = transcranial magnetic stimulation; TBS = theta burst stimulation; RMT = resting motor threshold; TEP = TMS-evoked potential; cTBS = continuous theta burst stimulation.
Fig 5.
Effects of cerebellar cTBS, iTBS and Sham TMS on the N100 potential in right handed participants.
The post-treatment marginal means for the interaction Treatment x Stimulus Intensity are shown for the N100 amplitude. p values are shown for the post-hoc comparisons, using Bonferroni correction. Error bars show standard errors. Sham = sham treatment with placebo coil; iTBS = intermittent theta burst stimulation; cTBS = continuous theta burst stimulation; μV = microvolts.
Fig 6.
Effects of cerebellar cTBS, iTBS and Sham TMS on the resting motor evoked potential in right handed participants.
The post-treatment marginal means for the interaction Treatment x Stimulus Intensity are shown for the resting MEP amplitude. p values are shown for the post-hoc comparisons, using Bonferroni correction. Error bars show standard errors. Sham = sham treatment with placebo coil; iTBS = intermittent theta burst stimulation; cTBS = continuous theta burst stimulation; μV = microvolts.