Table 1.
Patients’ characteristics.
Table 2.
Patients’ exposure to risk factors for bladder cancer.
Table 3.
Characteristics of the patients undergoing transurethral resection of the bladder lesion and/or random bladder biopsies.
Fig 1.
Melanosis of the urothelium in a 56 years old woman (Table 3, Patient 12).
A—Bladder washing with dark brown and black pigment in urothelial cells (arrows) (Papanicolaou stain; original magnification 400x). B—Bladder mucosa biopsy containing dark brown and black pigment in urothelial cells of all levels (arrows) (Hematoxylin and eosin stain; original magnification 400x). C—Negativity of the intraepithelial pigment in an iron stain (arrow) excluding hemosiderin pigment deposits (Iron stain; original magnification 400x).
Fig 2.
Nephrogenic adenoma in a 21 years old woman (Table 3, Patient 10).
Intraluminal polypoid mass (arrow), covered by cylindrical non-dysplastic epithelium and containing bland glands, accompanied by some inflammatory cells. The bladder mucosa at the base of the lesion (asterisk) shows chronic inflammation (Hematoxylin and eosin stain; original magnification 25x).
Fig 3.
Extensive keratinizing squamous metaplasia of the urothelium in a 43 years old man (Table 3, Patient 7).
A—Bladder washing with numerous, often anucleated squamous cells (arrows). Only rare, degenerated urothelial cells (arrowhead) and many neutrophils in the background (Papanicolaou stain; original magnification 200x). B—On biopsy, bladder mucosa is covered by non-dysplastic squamous epithelium (black bracket) with a thick anucleated keratinized superficial layer (white bracket) (Hematoxylin and eosin stain; original magnification 200x).
Fig 4.
Intestinal metaplasia in a 45 years old woman (Table 3, Patient 11).
Intestinal type glands in the bladder biopsy (arrows). Denuded surface of the mucosa containing some inflammatory cells (Hematoxylin and eosin stain; original magnification 50x).
Fig 5.
Mucinous adenocarcinoma in a 59 years old man (Table 3, Patient 8).
Intraluminal polypoid mass (asterisk) consisting of malignant glands with intra- and extracellular mucus and infiltrating growth. The arrow points to the transition zone between urinary type epithelium and cylinder cells of the intestinal metaplasia (Hematoxylin and eosin stain; original magnification 25x).