Table 1.
A list of novel primers used in the present study.
Fig 1.
Defined Zoogeographic regions in this study.
A: Nearctic region; B: Panamanian region; C: Neotropical region; D: West Palearctic and Saharo-Arabian regions; E: Sino-Japanese and East Palearctic regions; F: India; G: Oriental region; H: Oceanian and Australian regions; I: Afrotropical and Madagascan regions. The drawn map was modified from the time zone map of the World Factbook (https://www.cia.gov/library/publications).
Fig 2.
Phylogenetic relationships inferred by Bayesian best-fit PS and models.
Bayesian posterior probabilities and ML bootstrap values are shown above the branches.
Fig 3.
Calibration times and Bayes-DIVA results on inferred Bayesian consensus tree.
Horizontal bars at nodes are 95% confidence intervals of estimated times. Regional codes are shown in the map, and the major fractional values from Bayes-DIVA are shown near the codes. Light brown bar: “Late Oligocene Climatic Optimum”.
Table 2.
Bayes factor comparisons between PSs of the 42-dataset.
The rank of preference in PS is “best-fit = PS5 > PS6 > PS4 = PS3 = PS2 > PS1”. HM: harmonic mean; M1: model likelihood 1; M2: model likelihood 2.
Table 3.
Bayes factor comparisons between PSs of the 87-dataset.
The rank of preference PS is “PS5 = best-fit PS>PS2 = PS3>PS4>PS1”. HM: harmonic mean; M1: model likelihood 1; M2: model likelihood 2.
Fig 4.
Comparisons of BEAST results among different partitioning strategies.
(a): harmonic means; (b): estimated age at node 37; (c): estimated age at node 39; (d): estimated age at node 40.
Table 4.
Proposed species-group arrangement for the Pterourus-clade.