Fig 1.
Eastern and western rift valley overlaid on a map of oesophageal cancer incidence rates in Africa, GLOBOCAN 2012.
Countries are only named on the graph for women, to simplify the display.
Table 1.
Summary data by UN sub-region of Africa*: Oesophageal cancer (EC) incidence burden in 2012 (number of cases, age-standardized (world) rate per 100,000 person-years), tobacco and smoking prevalence and mean daily per capita nutrient intakes.
Countries or territories not included in nutrient supply estimates: Comoros, La Reunion, Mauritius, Somalia, South Sudan, Equatorial Guinea, Western Sahara and Cape Verde.
Fig 2.
Scatterplots of country-specific oesophageal cancer incidence rates vs mean micronutrient intake per capita.
A country’s EC incidence rates are for both sexes combined and are age-standardized to the world standard population. Both axes are plotted on logarithmic scales. Vertical dashed lines indicate estimated average requirements (EAR) in adults: male EARs (blue), female EARs (pink) and non sex-specific EARs (black). For Cu and Mg, and, in men, Fe, EARs lines are suppressed as they are below the mean levels in every country. Circle sizes are proportional to the square root of the total number of EC cases for each country.
Table 2.
Adjusted Incidence rate ratios (IRR) for oesophageal cancer (EC) and their 95% credible intervals (CI) associated with a doubling of a nutrient intake (at a national level), estimated from a Poisson-log normal model.
Fig 3.
Mean national supplies of Fe, Mg, Se and Zn, overall and by source, Africa, followed by the country’s oesophageal cancer incidence rate.
Countries are ranked by esophageal cancer incidence rate (age-standardized, world population, both sexes). Vertical lines indicate the EAR (blue for men, red for women, and black if both sexes are combined.