Fig 1.
Schematic representation of the experimental protocol.
Bicycle symbols represent maximal incremental cycling test.
Fig 2.
Changes in peak power output (A) and perceived fatigue (B) during the maximal incremental cycling test (mean ± 90% CI).
Grey and black circles around symbols denote likely (i.e., 75%–95% chances that the true value of the statistic is practically meaningful) and very likely to almost certain (i.e., > 95% chances that the true value of the statistic is practically meaningful) within-condition difference from baseline (Pre), respectively. Between-group difference in change from Pre vs. control, #likely; ## very likely to almost certain. Between-group difference in change from Pre vs. AF, †likely; †† very likely to almost certain. AF: acute fatigue; f-OR: functional overreaching.
Table 1.
Age, competitive experience (experience), maximal oxygen uptake (O2max) and maximal aerobic power (MAP) before (Pre) the intervention period for the control, the acute fatigue (AF) and the functionally overreached groups (f-OR).
Table 2.
Weekly average training volume (mean ± SD), distribution of training time in the intensity zones (see Methods) and number of training sessions per week in swimming, cycling and running during the 9 weeks protocol.
Fig 3.
Changes in heart rate recovery (HRR, A), peak HR (B), peak blood lactate concentration ([La-], C), peak plasma ephinephrine concentration ([Ep], D) and peak plasma norepinephrine concentration ([NEp], E) during the maximal incremental cycling test (mean ± 90% CI).
Grey and black circles around symbols denote likely (i.e., 75%–95% chances that the true value of the statistic is practically meaningful) and very likely to almost certain (i.e., > 95% chances that the true value of the statistic is practically meaningful) within-condition difference from baseline (Pre), respectively. Between-group difference in change from Pre vs. control, #likely; ## very likely to almost certain. Between-group difference in change from Pre vs. AF, †likely; †† very likely to almost certain. AF: acute fatigue; f-OR: functional overreaching.
Fig 4.
Between-group difference in changes in peak power output, perceived fatigue and HRR during the overload training period (bars indicate uncertainty in the true mean changes with 90% confidence intervals).
Trivial area was calculated from the smallest worthwhile change (see methods). AF: acute fatigue; f-OR: functional overreaching.