Fig 1.
Carbon stocks and transfers in a forest and harvested wood products system.
Boxes represent stocks of carbon, and arrows represent transfers between stocks with the process defined in italics.
Table 1.
Parameters describing carbon stocks and stock changes in the case study forest systems.
Fig 2.
Regional average carbon stocks simulated over 100 years in South Coast mixed native eucalypt forest.
Simulations were run for the reference case of current harvested forest (A), and four scenarios of forest management; scenario (1) maximum forest harvest production (B), scenario (2a) conservation forest plus non-wood substitution (C), scenario (2b) conservation forest plus plantation substitution (D), and scenario (2c) conservation forest plus existing plantations (E). All biomass pools in the harvested forest system were included, both on- and off-site. Carbon stock in harvested forest included above-and below-ground living and dead biomass. Carbon stocks shown for pine and eucalypt plantations included forest biomass living and dead, wood and paper products and landfill.
Table 2.
Total carbon stock (tC ha-1) in the harvested or conserved forest scenarios in South Coast NSW forests, simulated over 20, 50 and 100 years and calculated using two equations for biomass accumulation rate (S2 Appendix S2.1.2).
Fig 3.
Regional average carbon stocks simulated over 100 years in Mountain Ash forest.
Simulations were run for the reference case of current harvested forest (A), and four scenarios of forest management; scenario (1) maximum forest harvest production (B), scenario (2a) conservation forest plus non-wood substitution (C), scenario (2b) conservation forest plus plantation substitution (D), and scenario (2c) conservation forest plus existing plantations (E). All biomass pools in the harvested forest system were included, both on- and off-site. Carbon stock in harvested forest included above-and below-ground living and dead biomass. Carbon stocks shown for pine and eucalypt plantations included the forest biomass living and dead, wood and paper products and landfill. Forest carbon accumulation rate was calculated using Equation (S2-3) in S2 Appendix. See Fig D in S3 Appendix for calculation using Equation (S2-4) in S2 Appendix.
Table 3.
Total carbon stock (tC ha-1) in the harvested or conserved forest system in Mountain Ash forests, simulated over 20, 50 and 100 years and calculated using two equations for biomass accumulation rate (S2 Appendix S2.2.2), and with a wildfire (Fig E in S3 Appendix).
Fig 4.
Differences in simulated carbon stocks (tC ha-1) as percentages of the total system carbon stock.
Differences were calculated from use of minimum or maximum values of parameters listed in Tables B and C in S3 Appendix in a simulation for 50 years in (A) mixed native eucalypt forest on the South Coast of NSW, and (B) Mountain Ash forest in the Central Highlands of Victoria.
Table 4.
Change in carbon stocks (tC ha-1) over the 20, 50 and 100 year simulation periods for scenarios of conservation forest with product substitution (Table H in S2 Appendix) compared with harvested forest plus products and landfill in NSW South coast forest.
The difference in carbon stock due to scenarios is compared with the sum of the differences due to parameter values.
Table 5.
Change in carbon stocks (tC ha-1) over the 20, 50 and 100 year simulation periods for scenarios of conservation forest with product substitution (Table H in S2 Appendix) compared with harvested forest plus products and landfill in Mountain Ash forest.
The difference in carbon stock due to scenarios is compared with the sum of the differences due to parameter values.