Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of LN patients and healthy controls.
Fig 1.
Serum renalase differentiates patients with proliferative LN from Class V LN.
(A) Serum renalase levels were significantly higher in proliferative LN patients compared to Class V LN patients. Each dot represents the data of an individual. (B) Receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) was performed to assess serum renalase as a predictive marker for proliferative LN. AUC was 0.780 while sensitivity and specificity were 67.80% and 85.71%, respectively, using a cutoff of 54.81 μg/ml.
Table 2.
Clinical manifestations of proliferative LN patients and Class V LN patients.
Fig 2.
Serum renalase as a predictive marker for active LN.
(A) The amount of serum renalase in subjects with active LN was significantly higher than in individuals with inactive LN. (B) Receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) was performed to assess serum renalase as a predictive marker for active LN. The AUC was 0.906 using a cutoff value of 66.67 μg/ml while sensitivity was 87.5% and specificity was 89.2%.
Table 3.
Comparison of baseline characteristics in patients with active LN and inactive LN.
Fig 3.
Comparison of serum renalase levels in patients with active LN before and after immunosuppressive treatment.
Serum renalase levels decreased significantly after six-month immunosuppressive treatment.
Table 4.
Comparison of clinical characteristics before and after treatment of 17 patients with active LN.
Fig 4.
Expression of renalase in glomerular macrophages in active proliferative LN.
(A) Left panel—kidney immunohistochemical staining for renalase of a control subject (20X); Right panel kidney immunohistochemical staining for renalase of an active LN patient (20X), arrows indicate representative renalase expression in glomeruli; (B) immunofluorescent staining of representative kidney sections of a patient with active LN, Left panel–staining with anti-CD68 antibody, Middle left- staining with anti-renalase antibody, Middle right -: nuclear staining, Right panel- merged picture; (C) immunofluorescent staining of representative kidney sections of a patient with active LN, Left panel—staining with anti-CD34 antibody, Middle left—staining with anti-renalase antibody, Middle right-: nuclear staining, Right panel—merged picture; (D) immunofluorescent staining of THP–1 cells in culture; Left panel—staining with anti-CD68 antibody, Middle left—staining with anti-renalase antibody, Middle right-: nuclear staining, Right panel—merged picture.