Fig 1.
Three global emission maps derived from population counts and three different types of nighttime lights: NPP-VIIRS (a), RCP-DMSP-OLS (b), and SLP-DMSP-OLS (c).
The population data is from the U.S. Department of Energy at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (DOE/ORNL), and the three nighttime lights are from the Earth Observation Group in National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s National Geophysical Data Center (NOAA/NGDC).
Fig 2.
Regional spatial distributions of CO2 emissions in the PRD China (a), Northeastern USA (b), and Western Europe (c).
Fig 3.
The original Landsat Thematic Mapper images, land cover dataset, and three global emission maps of three cities (Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou).
The Landsat Thematic Mapper images of these cities are from the United States Geological Survey (USGS), and the land cover dataset is from the National Geomatics Center of China (NGCC).
Fig 4.
The proportions of CO2 emissions in each land cover of the three cities: Beijing (a), Shanghai (b), and Guangzhou (c).
Fig 5.
The proportions of nightlight-based emissions distributed over each land cover of the three cities: Beijing (a), Shanghai (b), and Guangzhou (c).
Table 1.
Comparison of the global emission maps based on nightlight and population data to the Vulcan inventory for U.S. domain at the 0.1° resolution.
Table 2.
Comparison of the global emission maps only distributed by nightlights to the Vulcan inventory for U.S. domain at the 0.1° resolution
Fig 6.
Comparison between the actual statistical data of CO2 emissions and the estimated emissions of different emission maps at the state unit of the United States.
Fig 7.
Comparison of emission results only distributed by three different types of nighttime lights at the state unit of the United States: NPP-VIIRS (a), RCP-DMSP-OLS (b), and SLP-DMSP-OLS (c).