Fig 1.
Topographic map with the location of the Thai sites mentioned in the text.
1. Non Nok Tha, 2. Ban Non Wat, 3. Ban Lum Khao, 4. Ban Chiang, 5. Ban Na Di, 6. Khao Wong Prachan, 7. Xepon. Dashed line indicates copper exchange networks between sites and mines. Scale 200 km.
Fig 2.
The layout of the burials from the 1975 excavation at Ban Chiang, together with the new calibrated AMS radiocarbon determinations, at 95.4% probability.
The date for burial 74 (1415–1230 BC) is omitted because it is assigned to the late Neolithic EP II.
Fig 3.
Bayesian age model for the site of Ban Chiang.
(OxCal. v4.2.4 Bronk Ramsey (2009 [38]); r:5 IntCal13 atmospheric curve (Reimer et al. 2013 [39]).
Fig 4.
The offsets between previous and current radiocarbon determinations for the same Ban Chiang burials on the basis of clay temper (in red) and human bone (in green).
Fig 5.
Bayesian age model for the site of Non Nok Tha.
(OxCal. v4.2.4 Bronk Ramsey (2009 [38]); r:5 IntCal13 atmospheric curve (Reimer et al. 2013 [39]).
Fig 6.
Bayesian age model for the site of Ban Lum Khao.
(OxCal. v4.2.4 Bronk Ramsey (2009 [38]); r:5 IntCal13 atmospheric curve (Reimer et al. 2013 [39]).
Fig 7.
Bayesian age model for the site of Ban Na Di.
(OxCal. v4.2.4 Bronk Ramsey (2009 [38]); r:5 IntCal13 atmospheric curve (Reimer et al. 2013 [39]).
Fig 8.
Bayesian probability functions (PDFs) for the beginning of the Bronze Age in Thailand.
Using the individual site data for the five dated sites (Ban Chiang, Ban Na Di, Ban Lum Khao, Non Nok Tha, Ban Non Wat) we calculated the probability distribution for the start of the Bronze Age in the region (1200–1000 BC at 68.2%, shaded grey, or 1570–900 BC at 95.4%). Figure was generated using OxCal v4.2.4. and IntCal13.