Fig 1.
Calculation of PPV, sensitivity, specificity, NPV and stroke prevalence.
PPV = positive predictive value; NPV = negative predictive value. Stroke prevalence = (TP+ FN) / (TP+FP+FN+TN).
Fig 2.
* Reference standard is cerebrovascular disease, or includes TIA, or uses ICD codes for stroke. † <50 self-reports of stroke validated, or number unpublished.
Table 1.
The proportion of self-reported strokes which were true stroke, true TIA or either.*
Fig 3.
PPV of included studies with data on stroke prevalence.
x/y: x = number of self-reported strokes which are confirmed; y = total number of self-reported strokes.
Table 2.
The influence of age on PPV, sensitivity, specificity and NPV of self-report.